3種易摻偽果實(shí)種子類藥材的鑒別研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-08-30 來源: 幽默笑話 點(diǎn)擊:
摘要[目的]對(duì)南鶴虱(Daucus carota L.)、肉豆蔻(Myristica fragrans Houtt.)、小茴香(Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)3種市場(chǎng)常見的易摻偽的果實(shí)種子類藥材進(jìn)行調(diào)查及鑒別研究,為市場(chǎng)此類藥材的鑒別及監(jiān)管提供參考。[方法]收集種子類藥材的正品及其偽品,采用性狀鑒別和微性狀鑒別種的方法對(duì)正品及偽品的特征進(jìn)行比較,分析總結(jié)正品藥材與偽品的鑒別要點(diǎn)。[結(jié)果]得出藥材正品與偽品的區(qū)別方法,并拍攝鑒別特征的圖片。[結(jié)論]除采用傳統(tǒng)性狀鑒別方法外,還采用微性狀鑒別方法,可為3種果實(shí)種子類藥材的鑒別及市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管提供參考。
關(guān)鍵詞果實(shí)種子類;鑒別;摻偽;性狀;微性狀
中圖分類號(hào)R286.0文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼A文章編號(hào)0517-6611(2018)25-0005-04
Identification of Three kinds of Easy Adulterate Fruit or Seeds Crude Drugs
WANG Jun1,2,LI Hongjian3,F(xiàn)ANG Chengwu1,2,3
。1. Bozhou Institute of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Bozhou ,Anhui 236800;2. School of Pharmacy, Bozhou Vocational and Technical College, Bozhou ,Anhui 236800;3. School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei ,Anhui 230031)
Abstract[Objective]This study provided a reference for the identification and regulation of Daucus carota .,Myristica fragrans Houtt.,F(xiàn)oeniculum vulgare Mill. the three kinds of easy adulterate fruit or seeds crude drugs in the market. [Method]The fruit seeds medicinal materials and counterfeit species were collected. Then they were compared by morphological identification and micro identification method ,and the identification points were analyzed and summed.[Result]The methods of distinguishing between the authentic ,and the counterfeit and the pictures of the distinguishing features were obtained. [Conclusion] In addition to the traditional identification method, this study also adopted the micro identification method. It can provide reference for the identification and market regulation of these fruit seeds crude drugs.
Key wordsFruit or seeds crude drugs;Identification;Adulteration;Characters;Microcharacters
中藥是中醫(yī)防治疾病的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ),其質(zhì)量的好壞直接影響臨床的安全性和有效性,同時(shí)也影響中藥的聲譽(yù)及在國(guó)際上的傳播,因此找出快速、直接、準(zhǔn)確的鑒別中藥的方法對(duì)質(zhì)量控制至關(guān)重要[1]。果實(shí)種子類藥材在中藥品種中占有較大比例[2],傳統(tǒng)鑒別多采用性狀鑒別的方法,而果實(shí)種子類藥材尤其是細(xì)小的該類藥材的鑒別存在一定難度[3]。
中藥微性狀鑒定法是近年提出的一種中藥鑒定方法,通過體視顯微鏡、生物顯微鏡和袖珍顯微鏡等結(jié)合電腦軟件來觀察并拍攝藥材表面的細(xì)微特征,根據(jù)藥材表面反映出的不同信息特征達(dá)到鑒別中藥材的目的[4]。該方法不同于顯微鑒定法,是性狀鑒定法向著微觀領(lǐng)域的延伸。該方法具有簡(jiǎn)單、快速、廉價(jià)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)[5]。
結(jié)合中藥材市場(chǎng)的實(shí)際情況,收集小茴香等3種市場(chǎng)常見的易摻偽的藥材及其偽品,結(jié)合性狀鑒別及微性狀鑒別的方法,采用拍照以及圖像合成軟件的方式,保留可視性結(jié)果,在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中更具有應(yīng)用價(jià)值。該研究為中藥材市場(chǎng)3種果實(shí)種子類藥材摻偽的鑒別及監(jiān)管提供參考,對(duì)中藥的臨床用藥安全具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。
1材料與方法
1.1試驗(yàn)材料
小茴香等3種果實(shí)種子類正品藥材及偽品的樣品于2017年收集于亳州中藥材市場(chǎng),經(jīng)安徽中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)周建理教授鑒定,樣品信息及鑒別情況見表1。
1.2試驗(yàn)儀器
使用的主要儀器有生物顯微鏡E 103;Phmias2008 Cs ver3.0 Demo 鳳凰顯微圖像處理與分析軟件;LeicaEZ4W立體顯微鏡;LAS EZ V3.2.0軟件系統(tǒng);LaicaDM2700P偏光顯微鏡;MC-D500U(E)電子目鏡;Leica V4.9.0軟件系統(tǒng);Canon EOS 6D數(shù)碼相機(jī);lenovo臺(tái)式電腦。
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