摘要：為研究烤煙上部葉采收的最適成熟特征，將云煙87上部葉按不同成熟度進(jìn)行分次采收，通過外觀質(zhì)量和感官質(zhì)量評價確定常規(guī)采收時間推遲5d即移栽后125d（M2階段）對烤煙進(jìn)行一次性采收，煙葉質(zhì)量最優(yōu)。其中移栽后125 d的頂3～頂1葉（TM2）的外觀質(zhì)量和感官質(zhì)量評分為44.67和71.79；移栽后125 d的頂6～頂4葉（FM2）為43.36和71.75；均優(yōu)于其他幾個階段。從葉片結(jié)構(gòu)的細(xì)胞學(xué)變化規(guī)律看出，隨著煙葉成熟度的提高，柵欄組織和海綿組織在移栽后125 d（M2階段）開始變得疏松、細(xì)胞間隙增大、細(xì)胞中各種細(xì)胞器開始降解、淀粉顆粒積累到最飽滿狀態(tài)。其中移栽后125 d的頂2葉的柵欄組織厚度、海綿組織厚度、柵欄組織細(xì)胞密度和海綿組織細(xì)胞密度分別為145.3 ?m、144.7 ?m、43個/mm、43個/mm；移栽后125 d的頂5葉的柵欄組織厚度、海綿組織厚度、柵欄組織細(xì)胞密度和海綿組織細(xì)胞密度分別為139.7 ?m、148 ?m、42個/mm、41個/mm。該研究進(jìn)一步證實M2階段為烤煙上部葉采收最適成熟特征。
　　關(guān)鍵詞：烤煙上部葉；成熟度；細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)；外觀質(zhì)量；感官質(zhì)量
　　中圖分類號：S572.01文章編號：1007-5119（2016）05-0034-06DOI：10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2016.05.007
　　Abstract： In order to study the optimum mature characteristic of tobacco upper leaves for plucking， the appearance and sensory qualities of YunYan87upper leaves were analyzed. The results showed that the date of 125 days after transplanting （M2） was the best stage of one-time plucking of upper leaves. The appearance and sensory qualities scores of the top3-1leaves at the date of 125 days after transplanting （TM2） were 44.67 and 71.79 respectively， and the top6-4leaves at the date of 125 days after transplanting（FM2）were 43.36 and 71.75， whichwere all better than those of other stages. The cytology observation of tobacco leaves indicated that the palisade tissue and spongy tissue of tobacco leaves became more loosen from the date of 125 days after transplanting （M2）， with the intercellular space enlarged， organelle degraded， and the starch particles were full. The thickness and cell density of palisade tissue and spongy tissue of the top2 leavesat the date of 125 days after transplanting was 145.3 ?m，144.7 ?m，43 mm and 43 mm； The thickness and cell density of palisade tissue and spongy tissueof the top5 leavesat the date of 125 days after transplanting was 139.7 ?m，148 ?m， 42/ mm and 41/mm， respectively. This research might provide the theoretical base for further verifying that the M2 stage was the optimum mature characteristic of upper tobacco leaves for plucking.
　　Keywords： upper tobacco leaf； maturity；cellular structure；appearance quality； sensory quality.
　　目前，我國生產(chǎn)的上部煙葉可用性不高，很難用于一、二類卷煙配方。而造成我國上部煙可用性不高的主要原因是采收成熟度不夠[1]。采收成熟度是烤后成熟度的基礎(chǔ)，分級成熟度是烤后成熟度的根本體現(xiàn)，只有采收成熟度好的鮮煙葉，經(jīng)過恰當(dāng)?shù)暮婵�，才能獲得成熟度好、品質(zhì)高的煙葉，因此采收成熟度一直是煙草科學(xué)研究的重點。近年來，許多研究表明烤煙煙葉的組織結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài)直接反映了烤煙的營養(yǎng)狀況和成熟特征，最終影響到煙葉的品質(zhì)[2]。而葉片的組織結(jié)構(gòu)指的是葉肉細(xì)胞的發(fā)育狀況，不同成熟度煙葉的葉組織結(jié)構(gòu)存在差異，許多研究結(jié)果表明，成熟煙葉的組織排列疏松、存在合適的胞間隙[3-7]。因此，本文主要通過開展不同時間一次性采收上部煙葉的試驗，對烤后煙葉質(zhì)量進(jìn)行評價，得出上部煙葉的最佳采摘時間；同時，通過對不同成熟度采收時細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)變化進(jìn)行研究，探明不同成熟度煙葉的細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)變化規(guī)律，為上部煙葉最適采收時期的確定及成熟特征的描述提供理論依據(jù)。

相關(guān)熱詞搜索：采收 成熟度 煙葉 細(xì)胞 品質(zhì)