摘要 通過田間試驗(yàn)，研究了于烤煙打頂當(dāng)天進(jìn)行鉬、鋅單獨(dú)及混合葉面噴施對(duì)烤煙上部葉開片、內(nèi)在化學(xué)成分和中性致香物質(zhì)含量的影響。結(jié)果表明，葉面噴施鉬或鋅能有效促進(jìn)上部葉的生長(zhǎng)，葉面積顯著高于清水對(duì)照；葉面噴施鉬或鋅能顯著提高烤后上部葉的葉長(zhǎng)、葉寬、葉質(zhì)重、填充值和抗張力，降低含梗率；葉面噴施鉬或鋅不同程度地提高上部葉兩糖、總氮和鉀含量，增大糖堿比、鉀氯比，降低煙葉煙堿和氯含量，有效改善煙葉化學(xué)成分的協(xié)調(diào)性；噴施鉬或鋅可顯著增加上部葉中性致香物質(zhì)總量、各類致香物質(zhì)含量；鉬和鋅混合噴施的上部葉葉面積、化學(xué)成分協(xié)調(diào)性和中性致香物質(zhì)總量均高于鉬或鋅的單獨(dú)施用，對(duì)烤煙上部葉開片、物理性狀、內(nèi)在品質(zhì)的改善作用效果最佳。
　　關(guān)鍵詞 烤煙；鉬肥；鋅肥；上部葉；葉面積；物理性狀；化學(xué)成分；中性致香物質(zhì)
　　中圖分類號(hào) S572；S143.7+2；S147.5 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A 文章編號(hào) 1007-5739（2017）22-0001-03
　　Effects of Mo and Zn Nutrition on the Quality of Upper Leaves in Flue-cured Tobacco
　　ZHAO Jia-jia 1 REN Zhi-guang 2 * YANG Li-jun 1 XU Xiao-jing 1 ZHANG Sen 1 FANG Xiu 2 HUANG Hai-tang 1
　　Abstract A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of Mo or Zn alone and mixed foliar sprayingon the leaf opening，internal chemical composition and neutral aroma content of upper leaves in flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that spraying of Mo or Zn could promote the growth of the upper leaves and the leaf area was significantly higher than that of the control.Spraying Mo or Zn could significantly improve the leaf length，leaf width，leaf weight，filling value and anti-tension of the upper leaves after baking. Spraying Mo or Zn could increase the content of total sugar，total nitrogen and potassium in the upper leaves，increase the ratio of sugar to nicotine，potassium to chlorine，reduce the nicotine and chlorine content of tobacco leaves，and improve the coordination of chemical composition of tobacco leaves；Spraying Mo or Zn could significantly increase the total amount of neutral fragrant substances in the upper leaves and all kinds of fragrant substances；Mixed spraying of Mo or Zn was higher than the separate spraying of Mo or Zn，and the effect of improving the quality of the upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco was the best.
　　Key words tobacco；Mo nutrition；Zn nutrition；upper leaf；leaf area；physical properties；chemical composition；neutral aroma substance
　　煙草是以收獲煙葉為主的經(jīng)濟(jì)作物，在生產(chǎn)中經(jīng)常用葉面噴施的方式補(bǔ)充煙葉營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)。鉬是作物營(yíng)養(yǎng)平衡需求中所必需的微量元素，對(duì)煙葉的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育和內(nèi)在品質(zhì)有重要影響[1-3]。
　　李章海等[4]研究表明，施鉬能明顯提高煙株生長(zhǎng)過程煙葉的光合作用，使煙葉鉀含量提高，改善其化學(xué)成分協(xié)調(diào)性。武 麗等[5]研究表明，施鉬可顯著增加煙葉的產(chǎn)量和產(chǎn)值，調(diào)節(jié)各部位煙葉煙堿積累，增加煙葉大部分香氣成分，使煙葉化學(xué)品質(zhì)和香氣品質(zhì)顯著提高。
　　另外，鋅同樣作為作物生長(zhǎng)所必需的營(yíng)養(yǎng)微量元素，具有多種生物特性，可參與生長(zhǎng)素的合成，催化體內(nèi)氧化還原反應(yīng)，提高葉片的光合速率等，進(jìn)而促進(jìn)作物的生長(zhǎng)和品質(zhì)生成[6-8]。黃學(xué)躍等[9]研究表明，鋅能增加煙葉的香氣質(zhì)和香氣量，明顯改善其香吃味，提高煙葉品質(zhì)。
　　已有較多研究報(bào)道鉬肥和鋅肥在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的應(yīng)用，但兩者互作配施的應(yīng)用效果還鮮有報(bào)道，本文通過研究葉面分別噴施鉬肥、鋅肥和兩者混合噴施對(duì)烤煙上部葉葉面積、化學(xué)成分和中性致香物質(zhì)含量的影響，探討鉬鋅配施的應(yīng)用效果，以期提高烤煙上部葉品質(zhì)和可用性提供參考依據(jù)。
　　1 材料與方法
　　1.1 試驗(yàn)概況
　　試驗(yàn)于2016年在駐馬店市盤古鄉(xiāng)張崗村進(jìn)行。供試土壤為黃壤土，基礎(chǔ)土壤養(yǎng)分情況為有機(jī)質(zhì)9.13 g/kg、pH值6.26、堿解氮63.5 mg/kg、速效磷13.6 mg/kg、速效鉀160.8 mg/kg。供試烤煙品種為當(dāng)?shù)刂髟云贩N云煙87。

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