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煤渣在烤煙生產(chǎn)上的應(yīng)用研究

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-08-23 來源: 幽默笑話 點(diǎn)擊:


  摘 要:為研究煤渣在烤煙種植中的作用,實(shí)現(xiàn)煤渣在烤煙生產(chǎn)上的廢物利用,采用田間試驗(yàn)研究不同煤渣用量和施用方式對烤煙農(nóng)藝性狀及產(chǎn)量品質(zhì)的影響。結(jié)果表明:增施煤渣能明顯改善烤煙的農(nóng)藝性狀,提高烤煙的經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀,使烤后煙葉內(nèi)部化學(xué)成分更趨協(xié)調(diào)。所有處理中以T4處理(750 kg/hm2煤渣堆漚穴施、15000 kg/hm2干煤渣撒施)最佳,產(chǎn)量較對照增加126 kg/hm2,提高了5.22個(gè)百分點(diǎn),產(chǎn)值較對照增加4042.05元/hm2,提高了9.11個(gè)百分點(diǎn),均價(jià)較對照增加0.68元/kg,提高了3.71個(gè)百分點(diǎn),上等煙率較對照提高了16.75個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。施用煤渣后,土壤的砷含量和烤后煙葉的鉻含量大幅度下降,土壤砷含量(除T3處理外)降低了98%以上,烤后煙葉鉻含量降低了86.5%以上。
  關(guān)鍵詞:煤渣;烤煙;生產(chǎn);應(yīng)用研究
  中圖分類號:S318 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A 論文編號:2014-0444
  Research on Application Coal Cinder in Flue-cured Tobacco Production
  Wang Xichun1, Huang Shiwang1, Liu Zhengri1, Gao Chunyang1, Zhou Xiangping1,
  Zhang Fang1, Li Xiaozhong2, Tang Ruoyun2, Yang Hongqi3, Zhao Ajuan4
 。1Yongzhou Branch of Hunan Tobacco Corporation, Yongzhou 425000, Hunan, China;
  2Tobacco Quality Supervision and Testing Station, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China;
  3Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China;
  4Changsha Branch of Hunan Tobacco Corporation, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China)
  Abstract: In order to investigate the effect of coal cinder in flue-cured tobacco planting, realize the waste utilization of coal cinder in flue-cured tobacco production, a field experiment was carried out at different dosage coal cinder and different application patterns, the tobacco agronomic traits, tobacco quality and economic traits were evaluated. The results showed that: by using coal cinder, the tobacco agronomic traits and economic traits were bettered, the internal chemical constituents of roast tobacco leaf were be more coordination. Among all the treatments, the T4 treatment (hole applying coal cinder 750 kg/hm2 and broadcasting coal cinder 15000 kg/hm2) was best improved tobacco economic traits. Compared with T9 treatment (none coal application), the yield increased 126 kg/hm2, increased by 5.22%; the output value increased 4042.05 yuan/hm2, increased by 9.11%; the average price increased 0.68 yuan/kg, increased by 3.71%; the high class leaf ratio increased by 16.75%. After applying coal cinder, the heavy metals of arsenic in the soil and chromium in the roast tobacco leaf were reduced significant. The arsenic in the soil (except T3) and the chromium in the roast leaf were reduced more than 98%, 86.5% respectively.
  Key words: Coal Cinder; Flue-cured Tobacco; Production; Application Research
  0 引言
  中國是以煤炭為主的能源生產(chǎn)與消費(fèi)大國,據(jù)電力網(wǎng)報(bào)到,2013年全國煤炭消費(fèi)量達(dá)36.1億t。無論是工業(yè)、發(fā)電廠還是民用鍋爐及其他燃煤設(shè)備,每年都會產(chǎn)生大量的煤渣,1 t煤燃燒后平均產(chǎn)生約0.35 t煤渣,煤渣棄置堆積占用土地,長期堆放會給生態(tài)環(huán)境帶來負(fù)荷[1]。前人已進(jìn)行過相關(guān)研究,根據(jù)煤渣屬性及其特性,挖掘煤渣潛在的利用價(jià)值,發(fā)現(xiàn)煤渣在建筑業(yè)、廢水處理等方面有著越來越廣泛的用途[1-8]。李靜等[9]研究認(rèn)為,以煤渣:珍珠巖:菌渣=1:1:4比制成的無土栽培基質(zhì),種出的萵筍各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)優(yōu),栽培出的蔬菜NO3-、重金屬含量低,栽培后營養(yǎng)元素含量仍很高,成為多茬栽培的較為理想基質(zhì)。史正軍等[10]研究認(rèn)為,添加煤渣的營養(yǎng)基質(zhì)對試供植物生長的物質(zhì)積累最有利。但煤渣在烤煙生產(chǎn)的應(yīng)用還不鮮見,永州煙區(qū)是中國烤煙種植適宜區(qū),近年來隨著烤煙種植規(guī);,采用火土灰來改良種煙土壤的習(xí)慣已逐漸消失,連年使用大量的化肥會導(dǎo)致土壤板結(jié);而且烘烤煙葉會產(chǎn)生大量的煤渣,給周圍環(huán)境造成壓力。永州烤煙生產(chǎn)面臨的一方面是火土灰的嚴(yán)重缺乏,另一方面是烘烤燃燒產(chǎn)生大量的“垃圾”。因此,開展煤渣在烤煙生產(chǎn)上的應(yīng)用研究,有望解決煤渣在烤煙上的應(yīng)用方法問題,這對變廢為寶、保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境,具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。

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