摘  要：為探明江西典型植煙區(qū)適宜耕作方式，改善煙區(qū)土壤理化性質(zhì)，在稻煙輪作區(qū)開展田間試驗(yàn)研究深耕對(duì)土壤物理性狀、烤煙生長(zhǎng)與煙葉產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的影響。結(jié)果表明，在5～10 cm土層，秸稈還田顯著降低了土壤容重、增加了土壤總孔隙度、毛管孔隙和通氣孔隙;在20～25 cm土層，深耕和秸稈還田均顯著降低了土壤容重，提高了土壤通氣孔隙。深耕顯著降低了土壤的貫穿阻力，秸稈還田通過增加5～10 cm土層≥2 mm團(tuán)聚體的含量進(jìn)而增加了土壤大團(tuán)聚體的比例。深耕和秸稈還田均能提高煙株根莖葉的干物質(zhì)量、促進(jìn)其對(duì)氮磷鉀的吸收，以深耕處理與深耕+秸稈還田處理效果更顯著。深耕和秸稈還田顯著提高了煙葉產(chǎn)量、產(chǎn)值和煙葉評(píng)吸總分。利用圓盤犁深耕土壤結(jié)合水稻秸稈還田是改良植煙土壤、提高煙葉產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的可行技術(shù)措施。
　　關(guān)鍵詞：烤煙;深耕;秸稈還田;物理性狀;養(yǎng)分吸收;產(chǎn)質(zhì)量
　　中圖分類號(hào)：S572.06          文章編號(hào)：1007-5119（2019）01-0025-08      DOI：10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2019.01.004
　　Abstract： In order to find out the suitable tillage methods in Jiangxi typical tobacco-growing areas， and to improve the soil physical and chemical properties in tobacco-producing areas， a field trial was carried out in the rice-tobacco rotation area of Jiangxi Province. The results showed that in the 5-10 cm soil layer， straw returning significantly reduced soil bulk density， increased soil total porosity， capillary porosity and aeration porosity; in the 20-25 cm soil layer， deep tillage and straw returning significantly reduced soil bulk density and significantly increased soil aeration porosity. Deep tillage significantly reduced the penetration resistance of the soil and straw returning to the field increased the proportion of large aggregates of soil by increasing the content of aggregates ≥2 mm in 5-10 cm soil layer. Deep tillage and straw returning increased the dry matter content of tobacco root， stem and leaf， and promoted the absorption of nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium. The effects of deep tillage and deep tillage combined with straw returning were more significant than the other treatments. Deep tillage and straw returning significantly increased tobacco yield， output value and total tobacco smoking score. In Jiangxi Province， it is a feasible technical measure to improve tobacco planting soil and tobacco yield and quality by deep ploughing soil with disk plow combined with rice straw returning.
　　Keywords： tobacco; deep tillage; straw returning; physical properties; nutrient absorption; yield and quality
　　江西省系全國煙草種植區(qū)劃中最適宜與適宜區(qū)之一[1]，烤煙種植模式主要為煙稻輪作，長(zhǎng)期單一的淺耕模式使該地區(qū)煙田土壤耕層明顯變淺，土壤板結(jié)與犁底層變厚等耕層問題日益嚴(yán)重[2]。耕層土壤結(jié)構(gòu)失調(diào)會(huì)影響土壤中的水、肥、氣、熱，阻礙和影響烤煙的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育，從而降低烤煙產(chǎn)質(zhì)量。因此，土層深耕和培肥植煙土壤已成為提高煙葉質(zhì)量的根本出路。
　　相關(guān)研究指出深耕能夠保持土壤疏松，有益土壤的熟化，增強(qiáng)肥力[3]。ZHANG等[4]研究表明，深耕能加大活土層，便于根系伸展，擴(kuò)大作物吸收營(yíng)養(yǎng)的范圍，使緊實(shí)土層變松碎，土壤容重減小。冀保毅等[5]研究表明，深耕能增加耕層有效土壤深度和土壤孔隙度，降低土壤容重，改善耕層土壤的物理性狀。秸稈作為常見的有機(jī)物料，合理還田能夠起到提高土壤養(yǎng)分含量，改善土壤理化性狀的作用[6-7]。前人對(duì)深耕及秸稈還田的研究雖然較多，但針對(duì)烤煙方面的研究則鮮有報(bào)道。本研究基于田間試驗(yàn)，研究深耕結(jié)合秸稈還田對(duì)煙田土壤理化性狀、烤煙生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育和煙葉產(chǎn)量質(zhì)量的影響，以期通過耕作方式改良煙田土壤質(zhì)量，促進(jìn)煙株發(fā)育，為當(dāng)?shù)責(zé)焻^(qū)生產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)適產(chǎn)煙葉提供參考依據(jù)。

相關(guān)熱詞搜索：土壤 深耕 性狀 煙葉 秸稈