烤煙鉀肥不同基追比及根部追鉀時期對上部煙葉產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的影響
發(fā)布時間:2019-08-25 來源: 日記大全 點擊:
摘要 [目的]為了研究烤煙在不同生長時期根部追施鉀肥對烤煙營養(yǎng)狀況、產(chǎn)質(zhì)量和主要化學(xué)成分尤其是鉀含量的影響,以期得出最佳追肥時期,確定追肥濃度。[方法]采用兩因素隨機區(qū)組設(shè)計,即鉀肥基追比和追鉀時期兩個因素。[結(jié)果] 50%基肥+50%追肥和1次灌根(20~25 d)+1次打頂當(dāng)天灌根(2次各半)處理能促進煙株前期早發(fā)快長,后期順利成熟落黃,各項農(nóng)藝性狀指標(biāo)表現(xiàn)較好,上部煙葉鉀含量最高。 [結(jié)論] 與全部以基肥施用比較,不同生長時期根部追鉀能降低上部煙葉中總氮、氯的含量,且追鉀次數(shù)越多,其影響越顯著;不同生長時期根部追鉀對降低上部煙葉中還原糖、總糖、淀粉含量的影響作用不明顯。
關(guān)鍵詞 根部追鉀;鉀肥;基追比;煙葉品質(zhì);上部煙葉
中圖分類號 S143.3 文獻標(biāo)識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611(2015)17-106-03
Abstract [Objective] The influences of topdressing potassium fertilizer in the flue.cured tobacco roots in different growth periods on nutrition status, yield and quality and the main chemical components, especially the potassium content were studied to get the best topdressingal period and determined the fertilizer concentration. [Method] Two factor randomized block design was used with potassium fertilizer ratio of basal fertilizer and top dressing and topdressing period of potassium. [Result] 50% basal fertilizer + 50% top dressing and one filling root (20 to 25 d) + once multi.topping filling root evenly divided (2 times) on the same day processing could promote the early and fast growth of flue.cured tobacco in the early stage and the mature in the late stage. The agronomic trait indicators were better, and potassium content in upper leaves was the highest. [Conclusion] Compared with full basal fertilizer, top dressing in roots in different growth period could reduce the total nitrogen and chlorine content in upper leaves, and the effect was significant with the increase of the time of topdressing. The effects of topdressing of potassium in the different growth period on the reduction of reducing sugar, total sugar and starch content in upper leaves wasn’t obvious.
Key words Application of potassium in the roots; Potassium fertilizer; Ratio of basal fertilizer and top dressing;Tobacco leaf quality;Upper leaves
煙草是喜鉀作物。合理而充足的鉀素供應(yīng),對改善煙葉品質(zhì)尤為重要。我國傳統(tǒng)的煙草栽培理論認為,增施鉀肥能在一定程度上提高煙葉的產(chǎn)量和產(chǎn)值,其最常用的鉀肥施肥方法是“100%基肥”和“基肥+團棵期1次追肥”,但提高煙葉鉀含量的程度仍有限,實際效果不是很理想,鉀肥利用率不高。王同朝等[1-2]研究表明,與團棵期一次等量追施相比,團棵期和圓頂期分次施用鉀肥提高了上部葉片的可用性,烤后葉片中化學(xué)成分的比例協(xié)調(diào)性好。楊俊等[3-4]研究表明,不同時期追施鉀肥,對不同部位煙葉的鉀含量會產(chǎn)生不同的影響。鉀肥的重追或全追有利于中上部煙葉含鉀量的提高。為此,采用田間試驗,筆者研究了烤煙在不同生長時期根部追施鉀肥對烤煙營養(yǎng)狀況、產(chǎn)質(zhì)量和主要化學(xué)成分尤其是鉀含量的影響,以期得出最佳追肥時期,確定追肥濃度,從而有利于降低烤煙生產(chǎn)成本,并且為煙葉鉀素的進一步研究提供線索。
1 材料與方法
1.1 供試品種及試驗點土壤供肥情況
試驗地設(shè)在彭水縣潤溪科技試驗園。供試品種為K326。前作玉米,土質(zhì)紅壤,旱地。試驗地灌排方便,輪作良好,肥力水平中等。
1.2 田間設(shè)計
試驗采用兩因素隨機區(qū)組設(shè)計,即鉀肥基追比和追鉀時期兩個因素。設(shè)2個基追比:60%基肥+40%追肥,50%基肥+50%追肥;設(shè)3個追鉀時期:1次灌根(20~25 d),1次灌根(20~25 d)+1次現(xiàn)蕾期灌根(2次各半),1次灌根(20~25 d)+1次打頂當(dāng)天灌根(2次各半)。試驗處理見表1。
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