һ ġF(xin)(dng)
1989桶ЇF(xin)ʷ塷֮҂Ƴm(x)ƪЇ(dng)ʷ塷ġF(xin)(dng)һ֮eζʲôأǰv19o(j)ĩ1949@һrڃ(ni)Їl(f)չ׃Ěvʷ߄tnj19492000@낀o(j)ЇʷӾһ20o(j)ЇF(xin)ʷ䌍ЇSЇF(xin)vʷM(jn)́fyҲo횅^(q)ʲôF(xin)c(dng)ġֻҪ]x_繫J(rn)ĬF(xin)cԵҕֻҪ҂ǾooסЇF(xin)Dy۵ĚvʷM(jn)́fôoՓ(jng)(j)ĻҲoՓ˼Ć}(yng)F(xin)@潛(jng)ȥʹ˶ՓF(xin)c(dng)@ɲ־Ͳ^(lin)ϵһrμF(xin)rζr^ʮ˂@50ʲô(dng)1949֮Q顰F(xin)tȫЇĚvʷH@҂ֻ͕ܸ(j)ĿǰЇW(xu)g(sh)猦(dng)@һ(x)T÷҂@20o(j)εđʷ
20o(j)50ĩ60ԁ^Ї(dng)ČW(xu)Ї(dng)ᷨڴһӺxһǕrָ1949ԁČW(xu)
ָЇa(chn)hI(lng)(do)ġЇČW(xu)cֽСxČW(xu)c
ǵHЇꑵČW(xu)co(j)80ԁĶNP(gun)Ї(dng)m(x)@N^cеĸɴͽСЇʷȻ@ǺܳɆ}ԇ挦ۡTѽ(jng)ؚw_ƽy(tng)һŬĴrѽ(jng)M(jn)21o(j)ȫ˼ѱձJ(rn)ͬĽȻ@N]һ˼S^Ї(dng)ʷôܽʾvʷ挍òcˇg(sh)ă(ni)Ҏ(gu)@ȻֻҪƬ؏hɺεĽǶǏ塢ZĻĽy(tng)һԣͬһԣʷЇ(dng)Ͳ(yng)HHǴꑵġЇ(yng)ꑑ_cT@ׂMɲf1949֮ǰF(xin)rЇʷ߀DZһy(tng)һĿмԒô1949֮ġ(dng)r͑(yng)ox^m(x)ԳZĻĽy(tng)һԣԴˁչ_vʷ˂ӛՕrĵĻfЇF(xin)K(gu)ɵģһKؑcҪصġy(tng)^(q)
һKDZϺϾ|ʡȜS݅^(q)ԼT_y(tng)ݠ^(q)đ
߀һKӰĵġŅ^(q)@ZĻϵĽy(tng)һԱ҂fһҚvʷĻc1949֮ĴꑑǡŅ^(q)cŴ(dng)ġy(tng)^(q)tڇѶֻһ֑ҼˡŅ^(q)һSh_γһ݆ġy(tng)^(q)_(dng)S݅^(q)۰ĵđҲvʷء۵M(jn)ˡ(dng)ˣЇ(dng)ʷֻvH`һЇĚvʷҲڌ׃܉Eǡֵ҂J(rn)飬(yng)ԓͻƶm(x)ĴꑡxһԪĪM˼·PμhɺεҕǿcF(xin)˼SģʽJ(rn)ZĻĽy(tng)һۣԿƌW(xu)đB(ti)ȁ挍Ї(dng)Ěvʷ
ı{ʷҕҰđʽf҂ڡF(xin)֣mȻŵµĚvʷlµĸ׃Լ¸脡脡Įa(chn)l(f)չ漰wfԒ@顰Փđ˼͑^֮D(zhun)׃ĬF(xin)Ժԁ߀Ǐđ\c҇xľo(lin)ϵߏĴ(yu)ㄡҵӿF(xin)ڄ(chung)ϵشؕI(xin)LЇʷ_һvʷAĻ\ռͻĚvʷλڬF(xin)ʷ(do)õtdԒ[1]ġ(dng)ıӴ@@50ꮔ(dng)Їy(tng)׃oՓ䡰ácʧurh(yun)h(yun)^ǰ50꣬a(chn)S(yu)Ʒc݆TF(xin)廯¡ԒԪW(xu)(x)f(xi){(dio)l(f)չđB(ti)¸@50γɵġĸаl(f)ˡӰ@ӰشĚvʷĻ¼һƉ@һB(ti)F(xin)ĵ·ࡣ҂ڱӴķȻǏġF(xin)@Ƕ۵ԣQǰ@50đ(dng)ЇŴʷһnj鮔(dng)ʷһЙC(j)MɲցvЇŴʷŴԊʷŴСfʷһSġĻ\ǂrھͻϽY(ji)Ԓ@һµđʽ(dng)ǰв˃HHҕЇװقNеһ@ÑW(xu)ϵķԭ҇F(xin)dĚvʷ҇y(tng)ĄNmȻܶđW(xu)wϵfȫǏԊ赸ۺϵĹŴ@һϵy(tng)dԒtW(xu)wϵcБ(yng)һȫµĬF(xin)҇͡ŴԊиNwú͘ʽwԊVxf~ҲԊһNF(xin)Ԋ@wú͘ʽеһNwcŴԊ(yng)ĬF(xin)ԊW(xu)L(fng)òȻЄe˂Ԓҕ顰ʽĕr҂AڌҕЇġF(xin)ʽmȻԡЇy(tng)ҲСԒӣLLİ֮ѽ(jng)ȫЇѽ(jng)ɞ҂ҪMɲǷNJ(rn)ЇHڑ^c@ȻǘOƬԒԼ¸脡cԪЇF(xin)(dng)B(ti)Ļ@ȫǽųF(xin)¬F(xin)҂Ȳcy(tng)fĻ(lin)ϵJ(rn)ڮ(dng)l(f)չĿgҲԒĻϵġJ(rn)ɞЇĿ
}ĺ߀ڡF(xin)@潛(jng)֮҂(dng)ʷҕǣȻǽ(jng)(j)Ļc˼˵ĬF(xin)}F(xin)cԼP(gun)Ļrֵ(bio)(zhn)ƼsvʷġĻ\ӵĬF(xin)xġtԳֵcĬF(xin)䌦ČW(xu)ˇg(sh)׃ҪȻָ(do)(dng)ʷһ؞֮˼·1949֮đ˼c\MܳMۺͽӖ(xn)߀Ǐ(f)wڬF(xin)ρ͑@һTϵˇg(sh)fĬF(xin)ҪF(xin)棺
һ_ʬF(xin)ġ˵ľB(ti)ЬF(xin)xĄ}̡HԿF(xin)ˡĵòˇg(sh)ȤW(xu)猦˼cԽŵĠȡ˸ƽc NNÌơ⽨cRеȵȣЩMȡڹŴvʷ䡰ҕǡc֮cF(xin)Rͨ@һУHġġr30ͿՕrڵЩ(yu)ƷпԿó50ԒBֽˡķ^ᣩP(gun)h䡷hԼF(tun)A֮b@һЩҲл[@ıF(xin)80ƷԒġɳ~سҦ£܇վнСͬƣ\ƣɣƺo(j)¡Ӷƽܲcޡꐁȣz¡꣩ɽšκ¾ͤIdɑL(fng)oLxȣ@ЩIJͬĽǶˆԺͬF(xin)R
1949֮ǰġxrڣ(ni)ġF(xin)ԡcЇ˵ġײx䌍һҪxڡ桱ˡ֡ӳġ挍ԡm͡_dԡˡărֵ(yn)ġ˵đѬF(xin)˵Ī˸cƽȡ(qun)_ϵđ1949֮A̗lxcΌxԡˌW(xu)ĵġ˵đ۸ĞζߵđڡAx̖uuˬF(xin)һ挍ԡc˵đHеĬF(xin)ȻBֽˡһǡײxڡx۱F(xin)
ˇg(sh)ĹܣɆݔ(do)R_̻D(zhun)^cݡƽȌԒcpI(lng)ġԒʘ֮cй֮y(tng)һdžμζ½̻Ĺ@Ǒˇg(sh)ġˌW(xu)ˇg(sh)ϵıF(xin)ˡ桱Щf@һce80ġ̽^cݡĽcH߬F(xin)ǣвٮ(dng)ƷּǞf̣ѡ^cݡƽȵČԒcp׃Ɇ̌(do){ݛՓď(qing)^ƳЧ¡W(xu)(x)ݵġӡ@rѼg(sh)(dng)ˇg(sh)ή(dng)˼롱ָ߮(dng)(yng)P(yng)ġ@`֮F(xin)ԵҪxӢuҺղء£Herbert Read1893-1968ԡF(xin)۹JָҪһZƹŵx(ni)Ԓ҂F(xin)һ؞F(xin)ŵxΌƵľͬķNN̗l^ǣÁƺ͉˵Ļܵľ@Щ|QF(xin)κɛQֻһN(qing)˵[2]@Ȼ^ɛQ족ֻƽȌԒcĽY(ji)
ǷN{^֮ϡݔκ͵^đMֶҲˡˇg(sh)̎ġδ͡а`ԻKÓ˹ŵxǷN(qing)ˡʩԡƺ͉֡ıڮ(dng)ʷԡޑӰЩ^tɫ(jng)䡱@Nŵx҂ԷQ֮顰xŵxŵxđ
ČW(xu)Zԡ_ZRԼY(ji)(gu)ʽm(yng)F(xin)cF(xin)^ҪM(jn)бҪĸԒZ͟⡢F(xin)ʹF(xin)ŴҲҪϬF(xin)˵p(x)Tij_O(sh)ӋM(jn)ڱF(xin)µľ(ni)Ą(chung)@һΑB(ti)}Ƞ|(zh)⚤cľ(ni)P(gun)Щ־кܴĚvʷ(wn)cĻĹͨнSì(f)sĬF(xin)@ӣMܸDZҪǷ¡ԺЩ|(zh)⚤ƷdzF(xin)(ni)soF(xin)Կ硰ĸеġӰ90ijЩsr֡ذb^˶Ŀ^ƷĻ|(zh)׃^ס^
侫׃t^y^@o҂ʷһReάF(xin)ԡ΄(w)҇ĻD(zhun)Ļϵ̓cƽӹһձF(xin)ܽСάF(xin)ԡ_y҂ҕ
c(dng)
һԒ@50Ї(dng)׃ľǾǣԵcؽfF(xin)ԵĚȱcޏ(f)@fҪָꑺ_۰ĵrͬɡ_(d)Enlightenment顰ЇŴСΆɡ֮ftС_ǡ֮ՓՓɡڬF(xin)飺˵ľķԵڰнųʹ֮F(xin)һԽȫĬF(xin)ˡеČW(xu)ָģ20o(j)ƌW(xu)fġF(xin)dž˼fġԑ(yng)(w)ǬF(xin)ԵĻA(ch)(c̎xһ)
[3]Ї~_F(xin)Ěvʷ֮ɵ΄(w)c֮ͬrR˼xֻܴܰ憢xǰF(xin)ķNNʹɱ`xČ(do)^ɡԵȏ(f)sF(xin)ˣ硰W(xu)W(xu)ߣѡġcĸɻһՄ(yng)ԓfdžl(f)˷Եġĸ@ӷF(xin)¼ǡǡ෴džɵŤ׃ʧ@N1949֮Aľؓ(f)Ч(yng)f@һ}@ڑҲ@F(xin)ںƽl(f)չrSƷsM˸͑(zhn)ġˎζһζǷNֻڡвſеĘO˵˼Sͱ_(d)ʽֲcԼ˵О鷽ʽˇg(sh)F(xin)бϷȵ
ĵfx(yng)YxЬF(xin)Ěvʷ΄(w)(yng)ǽQYx]ܽQĽ(jng)(j)Ļc˼˵ĬF(xin)}Ȼvʷs˸۵·Ї@ӵδ(jng)^F(xin)I(y)O(sh)xȱλʹͨ^ֶΣҲyԳԽYxĬF(xin)ԶF(xin)ĵ·f1949֮ǰxgcF(xin)߀ijNدBԒָЕrF(xin)_ٵ·ô1949֮ġxg@NدB㲻ˡҲfҲֻܿܿƁCF(xin)O(sh)ǂ˙(qun)I(lng)¾͑(yng)ԓЂɣI(lng)¾ҪQ^˰ѳȺ(qun)ַ[4]^A^m(x)οԛ_һСoa(chn)AόӽĻI(lng)?q)ȫ挣ȵֻꐸČxˡȺ(qun)磬xˆԵĻҲxR˼xĻԭĶһڬF(xin)ČW(xu)ˇg(sh)L@Ǯ(dng)ʷϣڡʮꡱ͡ĸrڣ]ܳF(xin)1949֮ǰǂF(xin)rڳF(xin)^đҺͽ(jng)ĸԭخmȻˮ(dng)Ҳò꡷ճԭҰˡǘӵļ䄓(chung)쾫ήsֱŸf`̫ࡱʹȦȦ߅MXRxôXD(zhun)Ӳء@ӵԒ|ָ؟(z)ָ؟(z)Ҫ܃ɹԽԽλˡwƱʾ(qing)ҵIJM[5]@cˇg(sh)wRKԡ̫ܵwˇ]ϣһ˼njʧȥˆԺͬF(xin)RĻh(hun)ʹ෴˼
bڌĻxIJMĸ֮ȥλ☋(gu)ɡĿ̖@N^c˃ɂ`^(q)һcɻһՄ
\y(tng)ˇĽ̻ܼcεP(gun)ϵ
@ȁһ}cmȻе(lin)ϵȫһĻϵ¡\Еrܕ׃\ӣ
\ЕrҲɵďԳȻȫġeOxֻһȣˡc΄tȻЃcؓ(f)eOcOxcxЃɂȣˡcˡġԵcԵc_M(jn)cڰӵcǔһкڰӵξSo(h)y(tng)εֶ˿ֲ֮⣬ǿɼ˼ɱcūˡ]^s߀ѸZеġW(xu)ČW(xu)߰ѡġcĸһՄҲδcεIJ醢cβһڡʮꡱ͡ĸđвŕF(xin)λՏ(qing)RcF(xin)ԷҊĬF(xin)60cĸеġޑӰ^f@һF(xin)η(w)(yng)(dng)?sh)ģͬrҪĆxĻrֵ(do)͌Ľl(f)չʮкʧȥˆcF(xin)ĠTֻЃɷNܣιͼ
Ľ̻ܼcεP(gun)ϵҲǞ_Uvʷ횳һ}_Ȼ_ĿsӰͲȫÓxҲǑҪF(xin)ČֱӞη(w)ԱF(xin)Ҫ鼺εđ΄20o(j)Political TheatreP(gun)IڑcεP(gun)ϵǜ\ǴС@NP(gun)ϵDzƽȵ҂кͷġλη(w)ָǷNūrǰcɞ锳֮r@ӵᳫĽ̻ܲη(w)^̻@ָƄ˵|(zh)B(yng)ɺ;ǰfھI(lng)ġԒǑ_(d)@һĿĵֶ܌W(xu)ָ̻ЃɷNһNwF(xin)˵ġԡ֮˵ձڿwϾSo(h)Եı|(zh)Ҏ(gu)һN^ġ̻tǡǡ෴ǾSo(h)ǰ֮˵ձԳMƫҊĽ(jng)xe½M@NϴXʽġ̻Ư̖[6]T⽨ġTy^ĸеġѪy(tng)ՓΨɷ֡ՓӰȡɽ~r(nng)|(zh)áԼڽŵȵ@Щ|M(jn)н̻nje½R˼fԡ˼W늡ˡųɞˡHϾnjһN̻µˡšɞǰһN̻µ[7]
C^(dng)50ԵcؽԻF(xin)ԵĚȱcޏ(f)ľ۵@ڮ(dng)׃Ěvʷ^ӡwıF(xin)
(dng)׃Ěvʷ^
Ї(dng)׃ڽ(jng)(j)ΡĻc˼˵ď(f)s׃ЕrcζRΑB(ti)׃ֱP(gun)ڴꑺ_ڑˇg(sh)(ni)NNصLt۶[εc@Щ׃(lin)ϵĚvʷ@һAԁ@NvʷAԮ(dng)ȻԵǰ֮gЅ^(q)e(lin)ϵ@NvʷAڴ_ۡTвͬ塢ZĻ֮y(tng)һԣijNP(gun)֮̎1978ꡪ1989ġ˼šc_1987ġ(yn)İl(f)չ^شӰ(chung)ĬF(xin)xF(xin)x׃c_šµĻ֮P(gun)ϵڃɰĵصđl(f)չоКvʷɌ@낀o(j)(dng)ĆcF(xin)r[rF(xin)rrm(x)(dng)ȱλεһ֮r͕a(chn)һNF(xin)đ_1950ꡪ1960ġ턡ꑡʮꡱcĸеġAޑӰԇԴꑑҪ^쌦g_ۡ50vʷ^¡
һcF(xin)Rĵġʮꡱ1949(qun)1966ꡰĸl(f)F(xin)(x)QʮꡱǮ(dng)ĵһvʷr1957֮ǰꑑĆcF(xin)R߀ٳн1949ǰxľw50ڵġDŮ_hXСڽY(ji)顷һеRcx(lin)ϵ@N(lin)ϵc(qun)ĸힿһġ횜ϡ˾סh(hun)ĸcĸм֮mӺˡĹӲּӽ[ĸ(do)ݺ֮һ݆Tıڮ(dng)rHtKԸȺ{(dio)ģ醢ҪxġȺ(qun)硱ҕ˺ʮ깩εġ힄hI(lng)䣩֮L(fng)ɴ˶ʼ
19561957ϰڇH(ni)˼볱c΄³F(xin)^һꇶ̕ġ˼š֮L(fng)cF(xin)Ŗ^ǣD[ÓA̗l`|֮ġķN(yng)\ԒBֽˡijF(xin)һʮҪ̖Hٰьɡc(qun)ĸ(lin)ϵ෴и(qun)ܵijNJ|һЄð^̆}˴µ̖硰wxhI(lng)(do)֮еꐸķ⽨֮˽ǂF(tun)֧ίغMڡM(jn)Zёҕ˽ֱZ˵Ů˹BͯУR[Ó_ijN`l(wi)(yn)΄(w)DŽHxѲ֮ġBҪ@Ȼ@ǡġrwF(xin)֮F(xin)ġײx˵c϶˵؟(z)IJԣ50٬F(xin)ܵAĴҲӭ@ɡ˼š֮L(fng)ġL(fng)ѩҹwˡخġˡ1957ڱ˃Ʉa(chn)40F(xin)(jng)֮ͻF(xin)˵`XˌɵľF(xin)ԼBֽˡ^ķNijF(xin)fˑ҂ԳֆcF(xin)Rl(f)P(yng)ĬF(xin)ĿFŬ
Ȼ1957ꡰɡ֮ڇH(zhn)֮£ҲP(gun)ڡHa(chn)x\ӡՓ(zhn)Сޡ̖(q)ʹЇĆcF(xin)RѸήs֮ˌW(xu)ă(ni)ݱAޡʽϼM(jn)HݛՓֱӿˑľ(do)ԆcF(xin)R龫(ni)ġ挍ˡ_ʧˣ֮P(yng)ν̗lһܼľżһĘVġ^hġP(gun)h䡷@ӵĺÑ֮1958F(xin)ԭǰ힄·Ҵfrıo(h)߄t˼o(j)Ļ˵ęC(j)һtƿͬᣬСtԺһͬh߀Сʮˮ앳ٮ(dng)rĻh(hun)P(yng)ꡢ̓ġSM(jn)֮L(fng)څr(yng)֮ҲֻǮ(dng)ʧӛ60һF(xin)AޡđԒ͑ڄ(chung)̖QǡxF(xin)xF(xin)xcxY(ji)ϡHϴɷQ֮顰ŵx֮ˇg(sh)ֶΣZY(ji)(gu)ȣAM(jn)tꐸľ(ni)(dng)rL(fng)һrġǧfҪӛһS֮ɎXȾٴe硶µڱmȻˇg(sh)F(xin)ĹһIһ挍ԣwÓ(qing){(dio)Aƽ׃·(sh)˄ѴеġL(fng)ҕʹˉħ@HķF(xin)A(dng)r·ԽԽխ1959ͬr岿ݣӢģ1960ͬr߲ʮһAֵܡݣͬһ1962t11҄Ժݳ(j)ӛСfľͬԒtrM(jn)иAĽ1963ͬr15ԒF(tun)wݡhļ҄硶tɫhhͬ־W(xu)(x)^hһٱČעNNɡF(xin)أ@f·(yn)µġ}ěQՓʹĿҊؚ_196070嵽ҦһȔL(fng)ȑҾĿһµĄ(chung)ϽY(ji)ˡ턡Ćһؚĕrڣ
ڴm196162̕ġ{(dio)S֮ԸӲ·
(c̎xһ)
ԏصF(xin)Rȫȱġĸrڡ1966ꡰĸl(f)1976顰ˎ̖͡Qĸʮꡱ䌍ĸľvϿ196312c6ëɖ|P(gun)ˇ}ăɴΎаl(f)ӡĸζʾ¿1978йY(ji)ĸl(f)˼š\֮r@15Ǯ(dng)ʷĵڶrҲdžԏصF(xin)Rȫȱһʷ^ĸ]κxϵĸԺM(jn)ԡl(f)@һrڵһ˼ˇg(sh)F(xin)ϼM(jn)|(zh)ϵ¶fƷ棬˂Ӱtӛɳ亡ȡɽuF(tun)ۡ脡tɫ܊ëŮ푘峪ɳ亡䎧һڶӰ硶힡ƽԭ(zhn)Nɽʯȣ@һrڵġtɫ(jng)䡱ՓĴֵһСֱͬ־ίнͬ־_IJˇՄo(j)ҪġՄˎϺČӰl(f)ڡt졷s־196967ںϿġu˹̹˹˹wϵԼĻÌӡY(ji)Ӱ(jng)硶ЇvʷĉՄӰijɾͺxʮ꡷ՓҪcУһհסՓČW(xu)ˇg(sh)ȫrֵJ(rn)vʷһЃ(yu)Ʒ(dng)˵xJ(rn)顰oa(chn)AČW(xu)ˇg(sh)ġH衷ԁһƬհF(xin)ڡӰa(b)@һհס΄(w)ՓJ(rn)ĸ΄(w)^ġoa(chn)AӢ@ӵռI(lng)_ǡoa(chn)AόӽĻI(lng)?q)ȫ挣ĄͻՓҪƷwϵǣͻͻӢӢͻһӢ
ĸⲿF(xin)ΑB(ti)ijЩhF(xin)(ni)ڌ|(zh)ǷF(xin)ġӰϿҲijNF(xin)ԡ@һNάF(xin)ĚvʷϿ(dng)Ї⽨ǰF(xin)ĻF(xin)Ļ(zhn)r(qun)Ľy(tng)(yng)(yng)ĵһĻԱnjĻM(jn)Єxcֽ⣬|(zh)֮Ͼ֮ġЌW(xu)wW(xu)ááһĻ֮wF(xin)Ӱ|(zh)⚤Ǹ߶ȬF(xin)ģҲfǸ߶ȡğⲼЧx_F(xin)Ƽ
ķbO(sh)ӋҲǰF(xin)xҪ
Ǵđ푘DгһꂥķՇǣ@N̖Q֡F(xin)đ侫(ni)s϶һЩڷ⽨xĻĖ|Ѫy(tng)ՓTy^hӢ۳cŵՓڡՓ֧F(xin)R@ӣӰͲ̮ܿF(xin)R^µ˺˵\ռ_һȫġӢ]ЂԣyRԄe]СˡǞ͏(qing)ijNO(sh)õġ̖ͽf̓ٵġһƬƬ~NĴ[8]fڡӰУЇĬF(xin)ѽ(jng)صwʮgĆcF(xin)Rֻڡ¡B(ti)д_đв̶ͬȵm(x)
ؽcF(xin)RsġSr19771989Ї(dng)ʷĵr@10ɰĵصđһsġSrڴ1976顰ˎ͡vʷxh(yun)h(yun)^@һw¼1978й11ȫY(ji)ĸ·܁ymȻ@߀Lԁ١Ė|_ˡ˼šlTČW(xu)ˇg(sh)ĆcF(xin)R(f)KѸͰl(f)չ_S1984꽛(jng)(j)֮HɻƶȻ1986h12ȫθµĆc1987ġ(yn)ˇ·ȻҲF(xin)һ;ۣ?q)ĸĿֶ֑һζM(jn)70_ʼעرF(xin)cY(ji)ˇg(sh)кܴl(f)չ1974СֳߡTˇİl(f)չҲзeOx@һ׃˼ɞ鱾ע`ꡰԒĬF(xin)ĸߓP(yng)fʮġ@һcĴꑑwfꑡĸĽY(ji)_ľзeOӰ푡
F(xin)ď(f)KߓP(yng)һ^̵һ_ʼّMСˎ͡HHǞ顰ϸɲڡĸʧȥ(qun)A˼Sʽcˇg(sh)߀һףfw߀ǡʮꡱ͡ĸ·ӣڲͬ˵ĿУĸĺxǸͬӵĻrֵ^Ϗصĸ߀ٔ(sh)ʹ1978F(xin)ġڟo̎⡷Vɽ@һÑҲ߀ͣڡˎ͡ζϵȻ1979l(f)һD(zhun)ۣһđӳF(xin)J|}Һĸ_MоđF(xin)硶ġ(qun)cδنȾ@ǘ(bio)־cF(xin)R֮XѡF(xin)ߓP(yng)ĵһƷǡġɳ~¡سҦ£@Ǯ(dng)rP(gun)ĵġߺT}ҵĸ֮L(fng)Hυs|h͇ҙ(qun)ʹcO(jin)_ˬF(xin)wؙ(qun)Acì@һeyʮеΆ}@һ}˽30Ľ죬@ĬF(xin)ԺͼJԓϺݳһcQһҲAď(qing)ҲMǸߌP(gun)עչ_ӑՓM@ӑՓˇ\ӺͶǘY(ji)@һrF(xin)ԘO(qing)ĺÑ׃ݡͬr߀Ӱ̫ꖺˡӰČW(xu)С١Ҳӵ|˕rͬF(xin)}θʹP(gun)עrF(xin)挍ӳF(xin)˵ľJpʻS֮ݵđ1980Ѹˡ
ȻĻB(ti)ݾcͬȻЇF(xin)IJѽ(jng)ֹͣôcF(xin)RҲͲر⡣19801989ЇһǰM(jn)֮̽·ھָČ}ı¶cvʷĻc˼g؞Ժ˵`̽c
ڄ(chung)cF(xin)ֶϣ(jng)vˏĔPάF(xin)x֏(f)F(xin)xy(tng)W(xu)(x)bF(xin)x^@vġ̽Ȱ1982Աˇݳ^̖_˵ġС\ӡԡhy(tng)ģʽ͑B(ti)қ_ҲcڏVx˼cˇg(sh)ϵ׃@Щ̽׃fġλ˼S͆һؚ_^ش(yng)ԓf@10ǬF(xin)l(f)P(yng)10ҲǸҌʮꡱ͡ĸf10ꡣ@һrČW(xu)͑һɲСġ桱˼Lڽy(tng)ČW(xu)͑A̗lxΌx֧εfđģʽM(jn)кͷ@Nкͷ5060ҲF(xin)^̕ѸRΑB(ti)ȥ80@һs˸ĸ_֮ˡᄞ顰˼mƉKƱǰM(jn)Փ̈́(chung)`ϸ׃Ї(dng)l(f)չڅݣʹ˼gˇg(sh)gõ˿ǰĔU(ku)չ@10S(yu)ㄡ|(zh)⚤;(ni)϶|ӵwF(xin)̎˼֮еЇǷNeO_P(yng)ϵľB(ti)ֻ@rŌF(xin)ˡھI(lng)ġԒųˡľ֮ĵһᵽԒɣƺo(j)¡ܲcޡЩ80ă(yu)ㄡӵCеğoɌɞ齛(jng)֮֮@10đǾشvʷx40Sr֮һ߷壬f̱xҲ^
80l(f)ˡ^ĴӑՓ@Ǒ^m(x)֮̽·ıF(xin)Ȼ(dng)ˇg(sh)o_wƵ`r^֮·̽Ҳֻˇg(sh)ȦD(zhun)D(zhun)ѡڡġ֮RĆ}^m(x)ŬԳ˼_A̗lx`ڄ(chung)ϔPάF(xin)x֏(f)ġˌW(xu)λ_ϱF(xin)挍挍(dng)rġ^ӑՓsHHǞ˽oF(xin)x_·һ_ʼֻݲRϣ؞鎟äĿذѬF(xin)x鹥˹̹˹˹锳䌍˹̹wϵġˌW(xu)(ni)cF(xin)xh(yun)ȲRϣصġҊкЇHքڡĸб^܁yӑՓ@_}Ҳ^Ⱦ͡Ya(chn)AɻΉֻһЩˇg(sh)Ɇ}Ć}ϼmp塪ٶԡcԡ_XcƳ_XJ(rn)ͬĶcƵĶgxЧcQЧc⡱ȵȣ@Щ}Ļش𱾁ǃɿɵo횷Ǵ˼˵ؠՓMӑՓ_^ĽcС֮do棬@_ĺĆ}`ϵɡԒcƽȽڼg(sh)ʽÄ@ʹ80δܮa(chn)ƷҲʽʧM(jn)l(f)չęC(j)ͬr߀90ġ|(zh)g(sh)ANǰ
ģSr^ƽӹ19902000@20o(j)10ҕ鮔(dng)ĵĂvʷr˾šL(fng)OӰЇ˵ľB(ti)ODáL(fng)ęC(j)ĸ_ŵľɾͣЇص·ȥ[9]mȻF(xin)M(jn)ѲȫֹθĸcҎ(gu)Ј(jng)(j)M(jn),ʹ|(zh)ƽӹĻDyD(zhun)Įrֵy̓cƽӹBһI(lng)½☋(gu)cF(xin)RĺF(xin)xcW(xu)ɳ˄ݶ@ЩOF(xin)ƲáӰµ_Ͱl(f)@һr@fO˼̧^cߵġfҲfˇg(sh)(chung)ؚp˄tǡ桱|(zh)⚤{(dio)٩tɫ(jng)䡱o@һЌؽ辫ɺ߶Ȅ(chung)đfǘO鲻һֻX͡(qun)]ˡ롱͡Ԋ顱ôкõđa(chn)ˣwf90Ǒήs_̓ٷsĕrwƃ(ni)ķNNuͅRݻͰl(f)չfٟoһܿ׃bֶΡ(dng)ֻX㡰̡ҪʹĄ(chung)urwƻMʧȥˇg(sh)l(f)RfġȤζĸ [10]f80кÑu90tȑҪ헲90ԁ_۰đڡF(xin)˼Ӱ^Zԡ֮L(fng)ɞrل(chung)ݳҲw\cƽӹ
C^90׃څcֵע⣺
(qing)Ʒ|(zh)⚤_bA^Spectaclew(ni)ؚևԻ^x義ؑ^ʢ¡ԒwϹS÷ŮˡȑAIJ(c̎xһ)
ٴ˶Ŀġ^ȡˡ^cݡھϵƽȡԒͨ^ĉŔͨ^o횑(yng)ʾ˱ӵؽһo^ġxĂ硱[11]
Σ֮_Եď(qing)ž˼dwČW(xu)rˣ90đČW(xu)ή@c˵ľؚĿڅͬVһfǣһı팧(do)ľfm(zhn)_]кõľ֧ʽܳɞһfˡ^@һĴᵽġؑ^ʢ¡wϹŮˡһđoԡĺAȡ٣ČW(xu)ԶǺܲеĄи@һ΄Լ_Ťġӡoζŵ@Ʒİl(f)һĽKY(ji)[12]@NڅټϴʘʽĶӻcýwĻŔ࣬ĿgͺС
ٴΣcσc(lin)ϵ֮桱ĹܱÛ|˼oеĹ܄t^桱^ͣڸйٴ̼Aϡ@njҎ(gu)ĻЈġ협(yng)ҲnjθһеġӡǾؚʧıF(xin)Մˇg(sh)ԻӘС˘90Ñ֮ԽԽÑ֮˅sԽԽƱָwđһЩh̖Сԡ桱ȡٵ@NB(ti)еһȫӷγˡͲһNF(xin)
90đMܿwϳ»څݣڽ(jng)(j)ΡĻ˼ˣ@Щھ۵F(xin)׃D(zhun)еČW(xu)ˇg(sh)Ҳ߀pصѭxcF(xin)Ե·ǰl(f)չ80ľy(tng)δȫ^һЩõĺͱ^õđ_ԒҦh(yun)mȻ(do)ݣнʩˡ^xbԲʧһ˼ˇg(sh)ѵy֮߬F(xin)xĻڡԡ֮ČW(xu)ڄЏ(qing)ҵıF(xin)ֵһı^(yu)Ԓ߀Сt¡ƣe^ʿУBˡ~ˡˡΣwҫ90đmo80ġܲcޡǘӵļc_飩@cϡʽܣӡr(nng)@һЩĿ^Ӱ푣Qһr֮x90СҲ^m(x)ի@mںF(xin)xӰ³F(xin)˷Zȥ˼ġ桱ĬF(xin)˼ϾxŮʿڣһoxߵSo(j)KϾxfСķfhľҲ߀^m(x)˼ġƴNַHʽؽbF(xin)ڃ(ni)υs^80HЛ_Ļо
(dng)˂վס20o(j)β˻^ȥǽ50Ěvʷ(jng)ͽӖ(xn)rNNLڷe۵Ć}ε˼Փˇg(sh)ġĽQϣ21o(j)
(dng)Ļ
ǰЇ(dng)_TĂ^(q)đ@ZĻy(tng)һ(dng)ȻҲͬĻZԡ˼S_(d)ʽĻYԴȷĹͬ(dng)҂wՓ19492000@낀o(j)Ї(dng)ĻrҪزՄ@NͬՄ@һr֮(ni)cF(xin)P(gun)ϵγɵһЩwԴ_đ@һr֮(ni)дҲf}
һ@50Ĵ֕rg(ni)ĻȫČιԉˇg(sh)䡰ˌW(xu)λȫֵoˡΡλ^힡hI(lng)䣩Ƕ^턡Aޑ̑ԼNN(ji)ՑI(xin)YȵǶ@ӵđ܌F(xin)^cݡ֮gƽȽ`Ԓ@ӵĬF(xin)֮Ҫǽ^ӵؽΡ̌(do)
@ӵđݔRΑB(ti)һԪĻ(ni)cεĘ(gu)ɴǹʽ@ӵġcӖ(xn)Ia(chn)ıȻһrںһ֮(ni)һġԡѡġԁԡˡ鱾ĬF(xin)x؆һؚˣʳW(xu)߷Q顰MF(xin)xάF(xin)xPseudo-realism
ġrڡˡĬF(xin)ĻǶԪġǕrЇTĻ˵xxxxR˼xxoxȵ˼IJͬ(c)桢ͬǶȱЇ˽ĶҲ̶ͬȵƄ^Ї˼ĻĬF(xin)M(jn)Ԫ˼y(tng)һһ˼šԽɵij֮1949֮ˡĬF(xin)ĻtһԪK(lin)ġxԡȡˬF(xin)K(lin)xF(xin)xЇġF(xin)xcxY(ji)ϡ(chung)ԭtļs±F(xin)A^m(x)һ¸ָQ@һF(xin)Ǿᵽ^ġxŵxŵx@ӵġλȻ_ĆԺͬF(xin)R(yn)ؽȡˑеĺľÓx@NġǰǛQȻȫ˸
ڶ(dng)һĻ_ġԡ茑}һֱcԡļJ@λλıȻY(ji)195060_ġ턡dž{(dio)ο̖ʽ@·ӱ_ʿٗꑵġAޑcӰLڷǡˡȥ桱조ūԴˁŤĨ˵Ăcū˵ͬrҲҪһЩˡ硶ٳD^AˡĿ̮ͬҲnjԵ˵x͆xһҪǰdzJ(rn)ˡSԺ͏(f)sJ(rn)˵Ăx Individualism gxHYxõJ(rn)l(f)չR˼xҲ{Լ˼wϵԵɰl(f)չҕδҪĿ(bio)a(chn)hԡfǴAAYa(chn)Afģ@һ(lin)wÿ˵ɰl(f)չһ˵ɰl(f)չėl[13] ѸĬF(xin)˼ЇĬF(xin)ˣe
g(sh)˱Զˡ˵ĬF(xin)c(qing)P(gun)ϵǣʹ֮Xԏɳ֮D(zhun)ˇ[14]mᘌЩԡҡڠɵ^cfゃ˵ɣǞҠゃԼ˸ǞҠ˸ƽȵćҲһȺūŽ[15]@fġƽȵćҡcѸfġˇǬF(xin)ҵͬxZЇֻгɞ@ӵġˇԏ(qing)磬˵ġɳֻ֮cūŶ]ƽȵĹćңtֻh(yun)xǡײxĺĺ`ƄЇ֮F(xin)P(gun)ҪȻڂy(tng)Ļ֮xӵӰġIndividualismxxmЇĻвȫoc֮ͨڵYԴ20o(j)Ї֮rsұ`xc1907ѸָһZЇδ̖꣬QRr֮ʿԞԍƈuc\ͬδ֪`麦֮xҲeĿ䌍Ȼ[16] Ѹf@N`1949֮ژO˼cF(xin)RȱλӇ(yn)ڡġĻ\УxߴƉĂԵf֮ԭ[17]1958sȫ^ˣˇI(lng)܊ܓP(yng)ڿY(ji)ɡĈ桶ˇ(zhn)ϵһqՓĽ(jng)ëɖ|Ķfxxf֮ԴԭԴ֮eԭˣĻ↢˵ĬF(xin)ĚvʷҪc˿?fn)?dng)ȻҲ^|19561957F(xin)ġķNՓБйr(nng)NǂԵģʽ@һm֣ˮ(dng)^Ҏ(gu)ɵĝҪ19791989@ʮg˼֮һڰl(f)˵Ăϳ_(d)桱c֮ă(yu)ㄡ@ЩnjxкͷܡɽȫĂԽY(ji)ϳɵļwǏ(qing)ѸġˇԵ^wx|(zh)ϲ^һNTotalitarianism,ֱgǡwxJ(rn)һߟoϵwʹ@ɵġw(qun)@ͽoO(qun)x͂xĽY(ji)ṩһgڌ(do)ԽʼO˵؉ւԽK@һɵı[18](dng)c@NɵıDy۵ČУm(x)ġy(tng)_ͨδĬF(xin)֮·
F(xin)cF(xin)ČʹЇ(dng)γһĻ۹Ļxķġr1940۹ȫĻġ1949֮_ֻ1970Ļ_ꑄt۹D(zhun)K(lin)͡xꇠIĻǡ]B(ti)cĬF(xin)P(gun)۹ܵкͷָ؟(z)顰x⡱ꑑm(x)c(lin)ϵǡĸ_ʮĻxıA̧^F(xin)ԵĽɫĻxĻĹ֮ͬͨ̎Կǽ^ġ@(dng)cĻ֮rʹ]IJաߡM(jn)أĻġ廯}@ijЩvʷl®(dng)ȻһıȻcvʷV҂^廯ЃɷNһNǷeOġ_͵J(rn)ĻĹ֮ͬͨ̎cڰЩ(yu)Ė|Á
һNO]͵J(rn)ĻĹͬrֵcԡ⡱M(jn)Ļԡ廯ȡF(xin)Ԓ20o(j)Їĕr(dng)Ȼһ廯Ć}@һ}ĽQĻxfôy͇(yn)ءf1920tֵܵȺϺ_ݳA֮I(y)ʧfԒġ廯߀һІ}Ԓô1924f(xi)(zh)(do)̵ӡ@ɹtfԒݳʽѽ(jng)ɹرֲЇ_@ѽ(jng)~ˡ廯Ҫһ
ԒČW(xu)Ą(chung)fЇԒһ_ʼڡ廯·ϵһhWٻcy(tng)ˇg(sh)YԴ䄓(chung)ʹȡԒ@NʽZL(fng)ˇg(sh)ζԼƷ(ni)еǷNF(xin)ЇˡľoǡЇ˵30ЇԒڅ졣ʲôС족ѽ(jng)׃ɵصصЇF(xin)һNʽһNΑB(ti)lfhخܵ˵ЩԒЇF(xin)Ľ(jng)أΛrЇԒĮa(chn)Ͱl(f)չҲǃHHһˇg(sh)ʽĆ}ЇĻF(xin)һ˵ĬF(xin)tҪă(ni)ġԁԒĆx䌦˵ĬF(xin)֪@ӿڿՕrP(gun)ڑʽӑՓǷNġɾġ廯̖(c̎xһ)
@ȻAsA(f)xx廯Hϳr(nng)|(zh)һNĻxAıF(xin)ĴԒͱMһԭͲǡЇġ^ıخh(yun)겻ɡ족廯΄(w)@˼·40Ӱ1949֮Ԓġ廯cġxġ˵đxϵĬF(xin)Y
廯ǰǬF(xin)@߉sˡ^ɫҲ׃˾ܽ^M(jn)Ļē߳ɞ(f)fͬxZ픶ͣijЩg(sh)ֶκʽصİúģ
90Ļx˼ķEУһNǶǵ^cJ(rn)飺ԽľԽġҰѴԒİl(f)(qun)w֮Ѹ䌍Ѹд1934419ꐟfF(xin)ڵČW(xu)Ҳһеطɫʵ׳ɞeעȥЇ֮[19]Ոעطɫʡڡԡeע⡱Ҳǫ@ˡx˼@vˇg(sh)еġsˇg(sh)rֵJ(rn)ͬеԆ}ˡ߉(yng)ԓ@ӵģһxˇg(sh)ȻǾɫһоɫˇg(sh)Գɞġ
֮(ni)c|(zh)⚤ڏ(f)sĻ_ͻʧȥCĽy(tng)һʧΡxĬF(xin)ڮ(dng)Еrаl(f)ǰ(dng)ЇĻ(zhn)r|(zh)֮Ͼ֮ġĻֽ⡱Փஔ(dng)ЧظT`eǮ(dng)@Nֽ⡱ՓcAκĻxY(ji)ϵĕr䌦ؓ(f)ӰǾdzF(xin)ˡάF(xin)ԡ}Щ|(zh)⚤¡(ni)f^F(xin)ġF(xin)ԡһNάF(xin)ԡ1957걱_ϳF(xin)ġٳD䌧(do)ݵַcO(sh)ӋǺܡF(xin)䡰ɡּϵľ(ni)sʮfģɡČR1963Ϻ_ϳF(xin)ġM(jn)ⲿF(xin)ַϾ¡ˣ(ni)ڵġꡱsvsˮ(dng)rޡ(ni)Hp֪RӂķxAǺ@wF(xin)άF(xin)ԡӰӵZǺܡF(xin)@ԲⲿF(xin)ֶfஔ(dng)ȻĺľsһcҲF(xin)̎ڷ]ԵġҹԴĻđB(ti)֮䡰顱MäĿrֵ^вǬF(xin)ķ⽨xĖ|ġӢĻĸfǂԵ`F(xin)W(xu)Ҫ֮֮֮ġ҂fӰȫЇF(xin)M(jn)@һP(gun)@N|(zh)⚤c(ni)IJy(tng)һڸf^@ӸԷĸûʮ(dng)Ȼѽ(jng)ˇg(sh)˥Ę(bio)־ͬrҲmӳă(ni)eǑ{ƴQă(ni)[20]90S|(zh)xÛcĻ̓ƽӹ֮L(fng)@һF(xin)Аl(f)չЇʽV滯ġ^xԡԷĸûʡwҲʾˇg(sh)˥^ȡ˃(ni)g(sh)ȡˇg(sh)xʽȡȡ˄(chung)йٴ̼ȡˌ[21]ήsČW(xu)λ߅o(j)֮@һF(xin)ձP(gun)ע
Y(ji)Z
20o(j)ЇSҡĬF(xin)M(jn)l(f)ۡ(f)s׃c(jng)(j)Ļ׃(lin)ϵc˼˵ĠB(ti)m(yng)m(x)y(tng)Ļ|(zh)Ļă(yu)ɹ(ni)c|(zh)⚤кܴĸº̈́(chung)졣Щ(yu)đʹЇ˽wԼʽh(hun)ԊʘԼpԼJ(rn)RԼԼAԼĶ_ؾĿg(yu)Ļh(hun)@ЩÑ?q)ʷɞ?jng)
cF(xin)RȁĻЇĻĜYԴcF(xin)ҪڑI(lng)׃һ_ʼF(xin)x֮dwЇ֮F(xin)͡ԒQcЇ֮ŵ䄡͡ĸĶʹǧ겻׃ġһԪB(ti)׃?yu)顰ԒԪB(ti)Їl(f)չĻֻdžcF(xin)RwF(xin)҂ʮǰġЇF(xin)ʷ塷ѽ(jng)ָ^˵xxۇxԼ(chung)ϵĬF(xin)xȻں50ĬF(xin)M(jn)˸(f)sҲyReۺAM(jn)oԸӡF(xin)ĸXĸĽyʹЇX`XcF(xin)R(jng)vˏؽۚv̡
R˼xcxȻM(jn)F(xin)ֻܰM(jn)һl(f)չ˵@ЩQܸc(lin)ϵ20o(j)50ĚvʷV҂c@ЩF(xin)R֮(lin)ϵ(jng)(j)ΡĻܽl(f)չ˼˾ͳMݡ⣬F(xin)͕ߓP(yng)֮@N(lin)ϵӖ(xn)ʮ֑Kʹ@һcHıijЩrǡĸrڑuоͿ÷dzʹm(yng)(jng)(j)ĻĸĸM(jn)˼˵M(jn)˞鱾O(sh)CЇF(xin)I(y)ҵԼǡ(dng)λãЇͬһ҂(yng)еŬ
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[2] []ղءR֮SСg151VW(xu)2001档
[3] []ER˾^F(xin)ԥ g181188Ϻgij1996档
[4] ؕ^m(x)з˼ɡϷĩ2006615
[5] ﱾ һ܊`ꡪخLՄ䛡2542K2001
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[12] ƣfҟ𡷣(chung)ӛ203Ї2004
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[15] mBԼ˼롷mļ511512W(xu)1998
[16] ѸĻƫՓѸȫһ5057ČW(xu)1981
[17] 棨˹꣩f֮ԭ³һ1̖191911գ
[18] ؕ^m(x)з˼ɡϷĩ2006615
[19] Ѹȫʮ391퓣ČW(xu)1981
[20] []ڸW(xu)❓gԵ281̄(w)ӡ^1981档
[21] ՓЇ(dng)ήsͲSx˼m(x)121ϾW(xu)2006档
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