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傳統(tǒng)中藥材麥冬的DNA條形碼鑒定

發(fā)布時間:2019-08-29 來源: 人生感悟 點擊:

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  摘 要:該文分析了DNA條形碼序列(ITS、psbA-trnH、matK、rbcL和trnL-F)對采自10個不同產(chǎn)區(qū)的麥冬進行PCR擴增及測序。結(jié)果表明,ITS序列變異位點為11 bp且較穩(wěn)定。葉綠體序列的變異位點較低。本研究構(gòu)建了ITS及聯(lián)合葉綠體片段與ITS的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹,4個葉綠體片段各自構(gòu)建的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹結(jié)果不理想,以ITS構(gòu)建的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹為主。廣西桂林、貴州貴定與浙江余杭聚為一支;四川什都、四川珙縣與廣東肇慶聚為一支;云南麻栗坡與云南石林聚為一支;江西廬山與湖南桑植聚為另一分支,位于發(fā)育樹基部;以上分支均得到G+C含量和遺傳距離的支持,種內(nèi)具有較近的親緣關(guān)系。ITS序列具有穩(wěn)定的變異位點和鑒定位點,能夠準確的鑒定不同產(chǎn)地的麥冬,基于ITS構(gòu)建的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹能夠較好的區(qū)分其親緣關(guān)系。
  關(guān)鍵詞:麥冬;ITS;葉綠體片段;遺傳距離;親緣關(guān)系
  中圖分類號 S567 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 1007-7731(2016)24-0017-05
  DNA Barcoding Technique to Identify Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials Ophiopogon japonicas(L.f.)Ker-Gawl.
  Wang Guangyan
  (School of Life Sciences,the Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui,Anqing Normal University,Anqing 246011,China)
  Abstract:DNA barcoding sequences(ITS,psbA-trnH,matK,rbcL,and trnL-F)were used to study O.japonicus from 10 different regions by PCR technique. The results showed that sequence variable sites of ITS were 11 bp and stable.Variable sites of chloroplast were low.In this study,the ITS and ITS+chloroplast phylogenetic trees were constructed,the phylogenetic trees based on chloroplast fragments were poor.ITS phylogenetic tree was dominant.O.japonicas from Guilin in Guangxi,Guiding in Guangzhou and Yuhang in Zhejiang comprised one closely clade;from Shendu in Sichuan,Gongxian in Sichuan and Zhaoqing in Guangzhou formed a closer clade;from Malipo in Yunnan and Shilin in Yunnan grouped into one closely clade;and from Lushan in Jiangxi and Sangzhi in Hunan formed another closely clade.All above clades were supported by G+C contents and genetic distances,and had closely relationships. The ITS sequence had stable variable sites and informative sites,and could accurately indentify O.japonicas from 10 different regions. The ITS phylogenetic tree could provide reliable genetic relationships.
  Key words:Ophiopogon japonicas;Internal Transcribed Spacer;Chloroplast fragment;Genetic distance;Genetic relationship
  麥冬為天門冬科(Asparagaceae)沿階草屬(Ophiopogon Ker-Gawl.)植物,其干燥塊根具有養(yǎng)陰生津、潤肺清心之功效,用于治療肺燥干咳、虛勞咳嗽、津傷口渴、心煩失眠、內(nèi)熱消渴和咽白喉等癥狀,收藏于中華人民共和國藥典中[1],其正品是Ophiopogon japonicus(L.f.)Ker-Gawl.。主產(chǎn)于浙江、四川、安徽、江西、湖南、河南等地,浙江、四川、廣西等地均有栽培[2]。由于栽培環(huán)境與野生狀態(tài)不同,其塊根在形態(tài)上發(fā)生了部分變異,栽培品種較粗壯,野生品種較細小。隨著麥冬栽培地區(qū)的擴大,流通品系增多,亟待對各品系進行質(zhì)量評價研究。
  DNA條形碼(DNA barcoding)于2003年首次被作為物種鑒定的依據(jù)[3,4],并引起全世界科學界的關(guān)注[5-9]。DNA條形碼鑒定是利用基因組中一段標準的DNA片段,對物種進行快速、準確地識別和鑒定的有效手段,具有鑒定過程快、操作簡單、重復性和穩(wěn)定性高等優(yōu)點[10,11]。一些學者認為線粒體基因以及核基因中的單拷貝基因和內(nèi)含子不可以作為物種鑒定的依據(jù),原因是線粒體基因的變異率較低以及變異結(jié)構(gòu)較少[12-16],核基因中的單拷貝基因和內(nèi)含子缺乏通用引物的擴增[16]。rDNA ITS(rDNA internal transcribed spacer)區(qū)是核糖體DNA上的內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)錄間隔區(qū),包括5.8S rDNA、ITS1(18S和5.8S之間)和ITS2(5.8S和16S之間),其長度比較保守,核苷酸序列變化較大,可以提供豐富的系統(tǒng)學信息,能反映種間差別和物種進化程度,且不易受藥材加工而完全降解等特點,被廣泛用于屬間、種間及居群間的分子系統(tǒng)學及分子鑒定研究[17-19]。一些研究結(jié)果表明葉綠體基因(psbA-trnH、matK、rbcL和rpoC1)也可作為物種鑒定的依據(jù)[12,16,20-22]。

相關(guān)熱詞搜索:麥冬 條形碼 中藥材 鑒定 傳統(tǒng)

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