?植煙土壤因子對烤煙煙葉中角鯊烯積累的影響?
發(fā)布時間:2019-08-26 來源: 人生感悟 點擊:
摘 要:對2013年采自廣東省10個生態(tài)區(qū)的18個煙葉樣品和采自廣西省22個生態(tài)區(qū)的22個煙葉樣品中角鯊烯含量進行了分析。結(jié)果表明:廣東省和廣西省生態(tài)區(qū)煙葉中角鯊烯平均含量分別為24.57和18.44 mg/kg;不同等級煙葉中B2F等級角鯊烯含量高于C3F和X2F;所取樣品中以廣東省馬市鎮(zhèn)砂泥田種植的K326品種的B2F等級煙葉的角鯊烯含量最高,為39.63 mg/kg;含有砂質(zhì),質(zhì)地疏松,pH值中性偏弱酸性的植煙土壤有利于煙葉中角鯊烯的積累,同時土壤中微量元素Zn含量豐富也有利于角鯊烯的積累。
關(guān)鍵詞:烤煙煙葉;土壤生態(tài)因子;角鯊烯;積累
中圖分類號:S572文獻標識碼:A文章編號:1006-060X(2018)02-0038-05
Effects of Soil Factors on Accumulation of Squalene in Flue-Cured Tobacco Leaf
JIN Ya-bo1,LUO Bao-xiong2,YUAN Liang3,JIANG Ding-xin3,WEI Jian-yu1,ZHOU Xiao-feng1
。1. China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co. Ltd., Nanning 530001, PRC; 2. Hechi Tobacco Company, Hechi 547000, PRC; 3. Ministry of Education’s Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Laboratory of Insect Toxicology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PRC)
Abstract:This study was conducted to determine squalene in flue-cured tobacco leaf in major tobacco production areas in Southern China, the substance in flue cured tobacco leaf was extracted by Soxhlet extractor with petroleum ether, and then squalene was separated and determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with selected ion monitoring. The average content of squalene in flue-cured tobacco in the production areas of Guangdong was 24.57 mg/kg, and that of Guangxi was 18.44 mg/kg. The content of squalene in the B2F grade of flue-cured tobacco leaf generally was higher than that of the C3F or X2F grade. The highest content of squalene in flue-cured tobacco leaf was 39.63mg/kg in the B2F-graded leaf of the variety K326 cultivated in Mashi town of Guangdong with sand mud field soil. The neutral to slightly acidic porous sandy soil was conducive to accumulation of squalene in flue-cured tobacco leaf, and so was the Zn element in soil.
Key words:flue-cured tobacco leaf; soil ecological factor; squalene; accumulation
角鯊烯常溫下為無色油狀液體,是一種高度不飽和脂肪族烴類化合物。最初由日本化學家Tsujimoto于1906 年在黑鯊魚肝油中發(fā)現(xiàn)[1]。1914年被命名為Squalene,其化學名稱為2,6,10,15,19,23-六甲基-2,6,10,14,18,22-二十四碳六烯,屬開鏈三萜類化合物,又稱魚肝油萜,也稱鯊烯。1976年,研究者確定了角鯊烯的單晶結(jié)構(gòu)[2],自此其生物作用逐漸被人們所認識。研究表明,角鯊烯不僅具有促進新陳代謝、活化細胞、強化內(nèi)臟的作用,還具有強烈的抗氧化作用,能有效防止細胞老化和癌變,并提高機體免疫力,被廣泛應用于醫(yī)藥、美容、化妝品等各個領(lǐng)域[3]。目前,市場上的角鯊烯主要來自于深海鯊魚肝油。但研究發(fā)現(xiàn),油脂不皂化物中也含有角鯊烯,尤其在橄欖油、棕櫚油及其脫臭餾出物中含量較多,而菜籽油、大豆油、米糠油、棉籽油等植物油中也含有一定量的角鯊烯[4-5]。由于角鯊烯廣闊的應用前景,人們不斷探索鯊魚以外的角鯊烯天然資源以及人工化學合成方法,以期獲得更多的角鯊烯[6]。
角鯊烯是煙草三萜中的主要化合物,Alan等[5]
1961年從煙氣中分離檢測出了角鯊烯。John等[6]在2013年首次報道了采用超臨界二氧化碳流體萃取技術(shù),利用GC-MS檢測方法,可以從Kentucky烤煙中檢測到角鯊烯。在烤煙中,角鯊烯是一種香氣物質(zhì)或香氣物質(zhì)的前體物質(zhì),可以直接改善煙草吃味,對提高煙草品質(zhì)有很重要作用。研究表明,萜類的角鯊烯代謝與煙株對由臭氧引起的氣候斑的抗性有關(guān),進而影響煙葉的品質(zhì)[7]。
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