烤煙成熟過程中煙葉化學(xué)成分和干物質(zhì)變化規(guī)律研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-08-25 來源: 人生感悟 點(diǎn)擊:
摘 要:為了解煙葉生理變化,掌握品種特性,以龍江911、JY-2-03和云87為試驗(yàn)材料,同等試驗(yàn)條件下,測(cè)定根系發(fā)育情況,葉綠素含量,鮮葉的主要化學(xué)成分以及烘烤后煙葉化學(xué)成分。結(jié)果表明,根鮮干重在移栽后70~80 d積累最快,并且根系活力達(dá)到最強(qiáng)。鮮葉總糖含量在移栽后40~50 d時(shí)有所下降,50~70 d開始上升,移栽后70 d又開始下降;還原糖含量的變化在整個(gè)生育期先升后降;總植物堿含量先上升后下降,移栽后70~80 d對(duì)煙堿的積累很關(guān)鍵。
關(guān)鍵詞:烤煙;化學(xué);干物質(zhì)
中圖分類號(hào):S572 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):1006-060X(2017)06-0077-04
Chemical Composition and Dry Matter Change of Tobacco Leaves during the Ripening of Flue-Cured Tobacco
SUN Li-juan1,AN Cheng-rong1,WU Guo-he1,QI Xiao2,SHAN Jia-jie2,GAO Ge-nong2,JIANG Zheng-yi2
(1. Agricultural Sciences Research Institute of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Longjing 133400, PRC; 2. China National Tobacco Corp Jilin Corporation, Changchun 131000, PRC)
Abstract:In order to understand the physiological changes of tobacco leaves and master varietal characteristics, took Longjiang 911, JY-2-03 and Yun 87 as test material, under the same test conditions, the root development, chlorophyll content, the main chemical components of fresh leaves and the chemical components of flue-cured tobacco leaves were determined. The results showed that the root dry weight was accumulating fastest after transplanting 70-80 days, and the root vigor was the strongest.The total sugar content of fresh leaves decreased after transplanting 40-50 days, 50-70 days began to rise, and decline after 70 days; the content of reducing sugar increased first and then decreased at the whole growth stage; the total alkaloid content increased first and then decreased, after transplanting 70-80 days is the key to nicotine accumulation.
Key words:flue-cured tobacco; chemistry; dry matter
烤煙是特殊的葉用經(jīng)濟(jì)作物。煙株干物質(zhì)積累及其在根、莖、葉器官中的分配比例,不僅是衡量烤煙生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的重要指標(biāo),而且是煙葉產(chǎn)量與質(zhì)量形成的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。煙株干物質(zhì)積累及其分配受生態(tài)環(huán)境、土壤、烤煙品種及栽培措施等諸多因素影響[1-3],了解烤煙干物質(zhì)積累和氮、磷、鉀吸收動(dòng)態(tài)變化規(guī)律,有助于采取有效措施調(diào)控生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育過程,提高煙葉的產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量[4]。
1 材料與方法
1.1 供試材料
試驗(yàn)材料為烤煙品種龍江911、JY-2-03和云87。
1.2 試驗(yàn)方法
試驗(yàn)在延邊農(nóng)科院試驗(yàn)田進(jìn)行,前茬作物為大豆,秋翻、春耙、春起壟。株行距0.5 m×1.2 m。每個(gè)品種種植面積為60 m2,不設(shè)重復(fù)。施肥和栽培等技術(shù)參照一般生產(chǎn)田技術(shù)規(guī)程進(jìn)行。
1.3 測(cè)定項(xiàng)目
煙株進(jìn)入旺長(zhǎng)期起至煙葉成熟,每隔10 d測(cè)定根、莖、葉鮮干重,根體積和根系活力。同時(shí)測(cè)定葉綠素含量,并取鮮葉烘干,測(cè)定鮮葉的主要化學(xué)成分:總糖、還原糖、總植物堿、總氮、蛋白質(zhì)、氯和鉀含量。各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)測(cè)定方法為:總糖和還原糖,YC/T159—2002煙草及煙草制品水溶性糖測(cè)定(連續(xù)流動(dòng)法);總氮,YC/T33—1996煙草及煙草制品總氮的測(cè)定(克達(dá)爾法);蛋白質(zhì),間接法測(cè)定;氯,YC/T162—2011煙草及煙草制品氯的測(cè)定(連續(xù)流動(dòng)法);鉀,YC/T217—2007煙草及煙草制品鉀的測(cè)定(連續(xù)流動(dòng)法);葉綠素,SPAD儀器測(cè)定;根系活力,TTC法測(cè)定。
1.4 數(shù)據(jù)處理
試驗(yàn)所得數(shù)據(jù)均取平均值,采用Excel和DPS軟件對(duì)試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,并用Duncan’s新復(fù)極差法進(jìn)行多重比較。
2 結(jié)果與分析
2.1 干物質(zhì)積累
2.1.1 根莖葉鮮重變化 由圖1可知,根系鮮重是逐漸增加的,移栽后70~80 d增加最快,且3個(gè)品種根系鮮重在生育前期基本相似,移栽后60 d開始鮮重差距逐漸拉大,JY-2-03鮮重最高接近800 g。莖鮮重在移栽后60~70 d增加較快,JY-2-03莖鮮重大于其他2個(gè)品種。葉片鮮重生長(zhǎng)速度快,JY-2-03和龍江911在移栽后50~60 d增長(zhǎng)最快,云87在移栽后70~80 d鮮重增長(zhǎng)最快。
相關(guān)熱詞搜索:烤煙 煙葉 過程中 化學(xué)成分 規(guī)律
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