不同施氮水平和打頂方式對烤煙PVH1452煙葉產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的影響
發(fā)布時間:2019-08-24 來源: 人生感悟 點擊:
摘要 [目的]探索在楚雄煙區(qū)特定的生態(tài)環(huán)境條件下,烤煙PVH1452適宜的施氮水平和打頂方式。[方法]采用裂區(qū)試驗設計。以施氮量為主處理,分別為75、105 kg/hm2兩個水平;打頂方式為副處理,分別為扣心打頂和初花打頂兩個水平。[結(jié)果]75、105 kg/hm2兩個施氮水平對烤煙PVH1452的農(nóng)藝性狀、產(chǎn)質(zhì)量和外觀質(zhì)量、化學成分無明顯影響。與初花打頂比較,扣心打頂株高明顯降低,中上部葉長寬增大明顯,初烤煙葉產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量明顯提高,上部葉外觀質(zhì)量和化學成分更為適宜。[結(jié)論]該研究可為楚雄煙區(qū)栽培管理中進一步改善煙葉品質(zhì)提供技術依據(jù)。
關鍵詞 扣心打頂;初花打頂;施氮水平;PVH1452;產(chǎn)質(zhì)量
中圖分類號 S572 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611(2014)27-09294-04
Effects of Different Nitrogen Levels and Topping Methods on Yield and Quality of PVH1452
LIANG Yungao, WANG Yuhong, ZHAO Jin et al
(Chuxiong Company of Yunnan Provincial Tobacco Corporation, Chuxiong, Yunan 675000)
Abstract [Objective] The aim was to explore the suitable nitrogen level and topping method for fluecured tobacco PVH1452 in the specific environment conditions of Chuxiong tobacco area. [Method] The split plot design was used. The main treatment was nitrogen application amount, two levels were 75 and 105 kg/hm2 respectively; the vice treatment was topping method, two levels were budtopping and topping in early flower respectively. [Result] There was no significant effects on agronomic traits, yield and quality, appearance quality, chemical properties of fluecured tobacco PVH1452 between 5 kg/hm2 and 105 kg/hm2. Comparing to topping in early flower, the budtopping’s plant height decreased significantly, length and width of upper leaf increased significantly, yield and quality improved significantly, and appearance quality and chemical composition of upper leaves was more suitable. [Conclusion] The study provides a technical basis for deeply improving fluecured tobacco leaves quality during cultivation and management in Chuxiong tobacco area.
Key words Budtopping; Topping in early flower; Nitrogen application levels; PVH1452; Yield and quality
國內(nèi)外學者對以提高煙葉品質(zhì)為目標的優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉栽培管理技術研究頗多,在施氮水平、打頂方式等方面進行了仔細的研究[1-4],研究結(jié)果證明,施氮水平和打頂方式對煙葉品質(zhì)有明顯的影響。但關于打頂方式和施氮水平對烤煙PVH1452影響的研究尚未見報道。PVH1452系云南省煙草農(nóng)業(yè)科學研究院、中國煙草育種研究(南方)中心、玉溪中煙種子有限責任公司于2009年聯(lián)合從巴西布菲金種子公司引進的烤煙品種,2013年12月通過全國煙草品種委員會審定[5],具有田間生長勢強、分層落黃特征明顯、經(jīng)濟性狀較好、工業(yè)可用性強等特點。為此,筆者在楚雄煙區(qū)生態(tài)條件下,通過裂區(qū)試驗探索不同施氮水平和打頂方式對烤煙新品種PVH1452煙葉物理學性狀、產(chǎn)質(zhì)量特征以及煙葉內(nèi)在品質(zhì)的影響,以期為其在楚雄煙區(qū)的栽培管理中進一步改善煙葉品質(zhì)提供技術依據(jù)。
1 材料與方法
1.1 材料
供試烤煙品種為PVH1452,由云南省煙草農(nóng)業(yè)科學研究院提供;肥料為云南楚雄仁恒化肥有限公司提供的煙草專用復合肥(N∶P2O5∶K2O=15∶15∶18和N∶P2O5∶K2O=12.5∶0∶33.5)。
試驗地位于楚雄市蒼嶺鎮(zhèn)智明村委會孫家村組,選擇試驗田塊平整、肥力均勻、排灌通暢的田塊作為小區(qū)試驗田。海拔1 766 m,地理位置101°39′6.3″ E、25°06′43.9″ N。土壤類型為水稻土,pH 6.19,有機質(zhì)含量30.57 g/kg,速效氮含量105.84 mg/kg,速效磷含量8.8 mg/kg,速效鉀含量187.56 mg/kg。
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