多功能調(diào)理劑在福建植煙土壤上的應(yīng)用效果
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-08-23 來源: 人生感悟 點(diǎn)擊:
摘要:為了考察多功能土壤調(diào)理劑(ST和MT)對酸性植煙土壤的調(diào)理效果,在田間試驗(yàn)條件下,以不施調(diào)理劑和當(dāng)?shù)卣{(diào)理措施(白云石粉)為對照,對比研究了不同調(diào)理劑對土壤pH和烤煙產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的影響。結(jié)果表明,與不施調(diào)理劑處理相比,施用調(diào)理劑處理烤煙根系周圍土壤pH提高0.5~1.5;烤煙產(chǎn)量和上等煙葉比例隨土壤pH(4.9~6.6)的提高而增加,煙葉產(chǎn)量和產(chǎn)值分別增加4.0%~9.0%和6.0%~14.7%,上等煙葉比例提高1.5%~12.9%。與白云石粉處理相比,等量施用多功能調(diào)理劑MT處理上等煙葉比例提高11.2%,經(jīng)濟(jì)效益增加1 485.7元/hm2;減半施用多功能調(diào)理劑處理(白云石粉用量的50%)仍可以達(dá)到與白云石粉相當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)理效果。可見,多功能土壤調(diào)理劑具有較好的調(diào)理效果。
關(guān)鍵詞:土壤調(diào)理劑;烤煙;產(chǎn)量;品質(zhì);pH
中圖分類號:S572.01文章編號:1007-5119(2017)04-0044-07DOI:10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2017.04.007
Abstract: Soil acidification is getting worse under long-term fertilization. In this study, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different soil conditioners on soil pH and tobacco growth in Fujian Province. No conditioner, local countermeasure (dolomite powder) were considered as controls.Multi-functional soil conditioners ST and MT were applied with halfand the same amount as dolomite powder. The results showed that compared to the treatment of no conditioner, the conditioners significantly increased rhizosphere soil pH by 0.5-1.5 units, increased the ratio of high quality tobacco leaves by 1.5%-12.9%,and significantly increased the yield and output value by 4.0%-9.0% and by 6.0%-14.7%, respectively. Compared to dolomite powder, under the same applied amount, the treatments of multi-functional soil conditionersMTsignificantly increased the ratio for high quality tobacco leaves and the economicbenefit by 11.2% and by 1485.7 Yuan/ha, respectively. Additionally, multi-functional soil conditioners applied with half amount of dolomite powder showed the equivalent conditioning effects with dolomite powder. These results suggested that the multi-functional soil conditioners havepositive effectson soil pH and tobacco growth, thus, could be recommended to be used in tobacco production.
Keywords: soil conditioner;tobacco; yield; quality; pH
福建省是我國烤煙種植的主要省份之一,常年種植面積保持在7萬hm2左右[1]。雖然烤煙生長對土壤pH適應(yīng)范圍較廣,在pH 4.5~8.5均能正常生長和發(fā)育[2],但一般認(rèn)為我國優(yōu)質(zhì)烤煙生產(chǎn)適宜的土壤pH為5.5~6.5[3]。然而有研究表明福建省煙區(qū)86.6%的土壤pH小于5.5[4]。較低的pH影響土壤微生物分布與活性、養(yǎng)分有效性,導(dǎo)致土壤中鉀、鈣、鎂、鉬、硼等營養(yǎng)元素流失,進(jìn)而影響烤煙生長和煙葉品質(zhì)[5-7]。施用酸性土壤調(diào)理劑是改善土壤理化性狀和土壤微生態(tài)環(huán)境的有效方法之一,有研究表明酸性土壤調(diào)理劑可以提高土壤pH,顯著提高煙葉產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)[8-9]。石灰、白云石粉、氫氧化鎂等是最常用的酸性土壤調(diào)理劑,但長期大量施用石灰和白云石粉不僅會引起土壤板結(jié)而形成“石灰板結(jié)田”,而且容易引起土壤鈣、鉀、鎂等元素的平衡失調(diào)而導(dǎo)致作物減產(chǎn)[10];長期大量施用氫氧化鎂所帶入的鎂素與鉀素存在拮抗作用,影響土壤鉀素有效性[11]。也有學(xué)者采用氰氨化鈣作為酸性土壤調(diào)理劑[12]。雖然氰氨化鈣調(diào)酸效果較好,而且施入土壤后產(chǎn)生的氰胺類物質(zhì)可以抑制土傳病菌生長,但大量的氰胺類物質(zhì)可能會影響作物根系生長?梢姡罅、單獨(dú)施用上述調(diào)理劑均容易對土壤或煙株造成“二次傷害”,而在單位面積施用總量相同條件下,復(fù)合施用不同調(diào)理劑可能帶來的副作用小于單獨(dú)施用。此外,復(fù)合施用還可以同時(shí)提供氮、磷、鎂等營養(yǎng),可能具有更為顯著的調(diào)理效果。為了驗(yàn)證該推論,選擇氫氧化鎂、鈣鎂磷、氰氨化鈣、氧化鈣、碳酸氫鈣、風(fēng)化煤等材料作為主要原料或輔料;通過合理復(fù)配,研制出多功能土壤調(diào)理劑[13],并在田間條件下研究多功能調(diào)理劑對土壤性質(zhì)和烤煙生長的影響,旨在為酸性土壤改良及該多功能調(diào)理劑的推廣應(yīng)用提供參考。
相關(guān)熱詞搜索:煙土 多功能 福建 調(diào)理 效果
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