湖南烤煙品種湘煙3號烘烤特性研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-08-23 來源: 人生感悟 點(diǎn)擊:
摘要[目的]摸清湖南郴州桂陽縣新引進(jìn)烤煙品種湘煙3號的烘烤特性。[方法]以湖南當(dāng)?shù)氐闹髟云贩N云煙87為對照,研究了暗箱試驗(yàn)和烘烤過程中湘煙3號中部葉的變黃、失水規(guī)律以及烤后煙葉經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀。[結(jié)果]試驗(yàn)表明,暗箱試驗(yàn)中,湘煙3號變黃、失水較快,褐變速度快但滯后;湘煙3號色素含量低,烘烤過程中降解快且徹底,類葉比較高,易變黃;湘煙3號變黃期失水較慢,定色期大幅度失水,失水協(xié)調(diào)性較好。[結(jié)論]研究可為優(yōu)化湘煙3號烘烤的工藝,充分彰顯該品種特色提供參考依據(jù)。
關(guān)鍵詞湘煙3號;烘烤特性;變黃;失水
中圖分類號S572文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼A文章編號0517-6611(2016)08-101-03
Abstract[Objective] Leaf curing characteristics of fluecured tobacco variety Xiangyan No.3 from Guiyang County, Chenzhou City, Hunan Province was investigated. [Method] With Yunyan 87 as the control variety, yellowing of middle part leaf, water loss law of Xiangyan No.3 under dark condition and curing process were studied, as well as the economic traits of fluecured tobacco leaf. [Result] The results showed that Xiangyan No.3 leaf yellowing and water loss was faster, easy to browning but was hysteresis under dark condition; Xiangyan No.3 had low content of pigment, the pigment degradation speed was fast during curing process, the ratio of chlorophyll and carotenoid was high, the speed of yellowing was fast; the water loss rate was slow in yellowing stage and was fast in fixing color stage, the coordination of leaf dehydration was good. [Conclusion] The study provides reference basis for optimizing curing technique of Xiangyan No.3 and fully highlighting the characteristics of the species.
Key wordsXiangyan No.3; Curing characteristics; Yellowing; Water loss
烤煙品種湘煙3號自2010年通過審定以來,在生產(chǎn)中表現(xiàn)出遺傳性狀穩(wěn)定、農(nóng)藝性狀優(yōu)良、綜合抗性較好、產(chǎn)量產(chǎn)值高、濃香型風(fēng)格明顯等優(yōu)點(diǎn)[1-3],市場前景較好。烘烤是充分顯現(xiàn)和改善煙葉田間質(zhì)量的過程,也是決定煙葉品質(zhì)的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)[4],但目前對湘煙3號的研究多集中在生態(tài)適應(yīng)性[5-7]和田間管理技術(shù)方面[8-10],對其烘烤特性的研究鮮有報(bào)道。由于煙農(nóng)對湘煙3號烘烤特性不甚了解,簡單沿用云煙87的三段式烘烤工藝[11],烤壞煙的現(xiàn)象比較普遍,這嚴(yán)重阻礙了湘煙3號品種特色的彰顯,因此,有必要對湘煙3號的烘烤特性進(jìn)行深入研究。目前判斷煙葉烘烤特性的指標(biāo)很多[12-16],筆者著重研究了湘煙3號在暗箱和烘烤過程中的變黃特征和失水特征,以期為湘煙3號烘烤工藝的優(yōu)化提供依據(jù)。
1材料與方法
1.1材料
試驗(yàn)于2015年3~7月在湖南省郴州市桂陽縣仁義鎮(zhèn)梧桐村進(jìn)行,供試品種為湘煙3號,同時(shí)以云煙87為對照。以各品種中部葉(第9~11葉位)的成熟煙葉為試驗(yàn)材料,大田栽培措施一致。
1.2方法
暗箱試驗(yàn):將葉片置于黑暗密閉保濕的箱子中,溫濕度維持在30 ℃/70%~85%,每隔12 h拍照、記錄煙葉變化狀態(tài)并稱重。每個(gè)處理3次重復(fù),每次重復(fù)5片煙葉。烘烤試驗(yàn):在電熱智能煙葉烘烤箱中進(jìn)行,采用當(dāng)?shù)赝茝V的中溫中濕烘烤工藝。裝煙方式是梳式煙夾,按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)每箱裝煙10夾,每夾7 kg。烘烤過程中在關(guān)鍵溫度點(diǎn)38、42、45、48、54 ℃取6片煙樣,分別切去葉尖和葉基,留取葉中間部分,測定煙葉的含水率和色素等指標(biāo)。
1.3測定項(xiàng)目與方法
暗箱試驗(yàn)中,每隔12 h拍照觀察記錄煙葉變黃成數(shù)(Y)、褐變成數(shù)(B),根據(jù)變黃成數(shù)(Y)、褐變成數(shù)(B)和測定的次數(shù)(n)分別求得變黃指數(shù)(YI)和褐變指數(shù)(BI)[12,17];根據(jù)變黃、褐變程度和失水量求得煙葉失水與變黃協(xié)調(diào)性K1及煙葉失水與褐變協(xié)調(diào)性K2[18]。
煙葉含水率即濕基含水率,采用烘干稱重的方法,每次取3~6片煙葉測定鮮重,用烘箱殺青烘干后測定干重,煙葉的含水率=(鮮重-干重)/鮮重,暗箱失水率=(鮮重-某時(shí)刻煙葉重/(鮮煙重×鮮煙含水率),烘烤中失水率=(鮮煙葉含水率-某時(shí)刻煙葉含水率)/鮮煙葉含水率,每個(gè)品種重復(fù)3次,取平均值[19-20]。烘烤過程中,色素的定量測定采用分光光度法[21]。
烤后煙葉按GB2635—92進(jìn)行評定,計(jì)算上等煙、中等煙、微帶青煙、雜色煙比例均價(jià)等經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀。
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