枯草芽孢桿菌有機(jī)肥對土壤條件及烤煙產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的影響
發(fā)布時間:2019-08-22 來源: 人生感悟 點(diǎn)擊:
摘 要:為探明枯草芽孢桿菌有機(jī)肥在烤煙生產(chǎn)上的應(yīng)用效果,通過小區(qū)試驗(yàn),研究了不同施肥方法對植煙土壤養(yǎng)分、微生物種群數(shù)量和煙葉產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的影響。結(jié)果表明,在云南曲靖宣威地區(qū)配施枯草芽孢桿菌有機(jī)肥,與常規(guī)施肥方法相比,植煙土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、速效磷、速效鉀和全鉀含量分別提高8.38%、12.59%、5.51%和10.59%,使土壤細(xì)菌、放線菌數(shù)量分別增加177.66%和118.18%,真菌數(shù)量降低121.43%;上等煙比例提高1.82%,均價提高2.51%,有利于提高下部、上部初烤煙葉鉀離子含量和內(nèi)在化學(xué)成分的協(xié)調(diào)性,并改善抽吸品質(zhì)。
關(guān)鍵詞:枯草芽孢桿菌;有機(jī)肥;土壤條件;烤煙;產(chǎn)質(zhì)量
中圖分類號:572 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A 文章編號:1006-060X(2017)07-0055-04
Effects of Bacillus subtilis Organic Fertilizer on Soil Conditions, Yield and Quality of
Flue-cured Tobacco
XU Hong-yu1,SUN Xing-quan2,ZHANG Qiang1,DENG Tao3,YAO Peng-cheng1,
HUANG Fei-yan2,ZHU Tie-jun1,ZHANG Xian-ming3
。1. Gansu Tobacco Industrial Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730050, PRC; 2. Yunnan Reascend Tobacco Technology (Group) Co., Ltd.,
Kunming 650106, PRC; 3 Qujing Tobacco Company Xuanwei Branch, Xuanwei 655400, PRC)
Abstract:In order to investigate the application effects of bacillus subtilis organic fertilizer (BOF) on flue-cured tobacco production, a field experiment was carried out to study the influences between different application methods on soil fertility, microorganism quantity, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in Xuanwei City, Yunnan Province. The results indicated that the contents of organic material, available P and K, total K in soil of combined application with BOF increased by 8.38%,12.59%,5.51% and 10.59% compared with conventional fertilization, respectively, the quantity of actinomycetes and bacteria increased by 177.66%,118.18%, furthermore, there is a drop of 121.43% on fungi. The ratio of high grade leaves and the average price of tobacco leaves increased by 1.82% and 2.51%.In addition, it was helpful to increase the potassium content, coordination of chemical composition and smoking quality of lower and upper flue-cured tobacco leaves.
Key words:Bacillus subtilis; organic fertilizer; soil condition; flue-cured tobacco; yield and quality
化學(xué)肥料雖具有養(yǎng)分含量高、肥效迅速的優(yōu)點(diǎn),但在烤煙上長期、大量單施,易造成煙田土壤板結(jié)、有機(jī)質(zhì)含量下降、微量元素缺乏、微生物種群數(shù)量和活性降低,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致煙葉化學(xué)成分比例失調(diào)、香氣量不足等[1-2]。土壤是影響煙葉質(zhì)量的重要因素之一,適宜的土壤條件是特色優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉生產(chǎn)的重要基礎(chǔ),而土壤肥力是衡量土壤條件的綜合指標(biāo),其與土壤微生物種群數(shù)量及活性有著密切聯(lián)系。根際土壤微生物是肥料轉(zhuǎn)化與吸收的重要影響因子,微生物種群數(shù)量多、區(qū)系豐富,土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)平衡性好,更有利于煙株生長和煙葉品質(zhì)特色的形成[3-5]。研究表明,施用有機(jī)肥可改善土壤環(huán)境,為煙株生長提供所需微量元素并促進(jìn)養(yǎng)分吸收,能明顯增加煙田土壤細(xì)菌和放線菌數(shù)量,提高上中等煙比例,增加產(chǎn)量產(chǎn)值,提高煙葉糖含量和鉀離子含量,協(xié)調(diào)糖堿比和氮堿比,提高鉀氯比[6]。生物有機(jī)肥是指特定功能的微生物與經(jīng)無害化處理、腐熟的有機(jī)物料復(fù)合而成的一類兼具微生物活性和有機(jī)肥效應(yīng)的肥料,具有提高土壤肥力、活化并促進(jìn)養(yǎng)分吸收,產(chǎn)生多種活性物質(zhì)和抗、抑病物質(zhì),刺激與調(diào)控作物生長,減少或降低病蟲害發(fā)生等作
用[7-9],使煙葉外觀、內(nèi)在化學(xué)成分和感官質(zhì)量均有一定程度的改善,因此,其在煙草上的應(yīng)用符合煙葉生產(chǎn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的要求[10-12]。以枯草芽孢桿菌為特定功能菌,同樣能夠使生物有機(jī)肥產(chǎn)品具有提高土壤微生物種群數(shù)量、區(qū)系豐度指數(shù)和減少病害發(fā)生等作
相關(guān)熱詞搜索:芽孢 烤煙 枯草 桿菌 有機(jī)肥
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