科技新聞英語應用特點
發(fā)布時間:2018-07-01 來源: 美文摘抄 點擊:
摘要:隱喻不僅存在于文學及日常語言中,隨著科技的發(fā)展,隱喻也被廣泛的應用于科技英語文本中。本文總結VOA慢速科技英語,探討科技語言的應用特點。
關鍵詞:科技;新聞;隱喻;特點
科技英語作為科技語言的一個分支,隱喻必然在其詞匯和表達方面起著重要的作用。一方面,隨著現(xiàn)代科學技術的飛速發(fā)展,大量新詞根據(jù)隱喻機制被創(chuàng)造出來,人類根據(jù)隱喻用其較為熟悉領域的經(jīng)驗來說明和解讀較為陌生領域。另一方面,隱喻促使科技術語的詞義和用法得以擴充和拓展。此外新聞還要滿足1. 大眾性。新聞刊物是大眾傳播媒介其語言適應廣大讀者的閱讀水平;2. 趣味性。不僅要求報道內容,而且語言要適應讀者的愛好和閱讀習慣,新詞和臨時生造的詞可使文章更加活潑生動;3. 節(jié)儉性。是精煉語言的重要手段。
一、外形相似
1 White House officials also say Mr. Obama will go to Capitol Hill on Sunday to meet with Democratic lawmakers on efforts to advance health care reform. (Dec 9)
白宮實際就是美國政府,由其建筑的顏色而其名。
二、位置相似
1 Competition to work at a top hospital can be fierce.(Jun 2)
2 One of the scientists says the past six years have shown the lowest Arctic sea ice cover ever measured. (Nov 26)
3 Unemployment is rising and will likely reach a historic peak of nearly 10 percent next year. (Sep 18)
4 H.I.V. is short for the human immunodeficiency virus. The experts say estimates of new H.I.V. infections are down by about fifteen percent in Africa, south of the Sahara Desert. And, new infections have decreased almost twenty-five percent in East Asia. (Dec, 8)
“競爭是方向”,“權利是方向”以及“疾病是方向”,人們很容易理解高為優(yōu)秀,高為競爭激烈,高為病情嚴重。
三、結構相似
1 NTT DoCoMo is pouring billions of dollars into building a 3G empire that it hopes will eventually spread across the globe. (Sep 18)
2 Scarpetta said:“Part of the stimulus packages have been additional resources for labor markets and social policies.”(Sep 18)
投資一個新的領域類似建立一個新的帝國,一系列的措施類似一個完整的包裹,這些人們熟悉的語言恰好滿足了新聞的特點,大眾性,趣味性。
四、功能相似
1 The humble algae could lead be a revolutionary tool in the battle against climate change. (Sep 4)
2 OECD unemployment division chief Stephan Scarpetta says the number of jobless among the OECD"s 30 member countries is expected to climb even higher next year. (Sep 18)
3 Tornadoes form when winds blowing in different directions meet in the cloud and begin to turn in circles. (Jun 9)
4 Satellite images show an ice bridge that held a huge Antarctic ice shelf in place recently broke apart. (May 5)
動物也有類似于人的身份;企業(yè)的成長類似人類的運動,如爬山;自然的現(xiàn)象類似人類日常動作或是一種事物。
五、特性相似
1 Tornadoes can also destroy anything in their path. (Jun 9)
2 Australia is preparing to introduce technology that allows algae to capture half or more of the greenhouse gases emitted by a power station. (Sep 4)
3 As well as Australia, the pioneering algae technology is also being tested in the United States and Germany. (Sep 4)
4 根據(jù)某些事物本身特性,比如溫室,先行者來解釋科學現(xiàn)象或發(fā)現(xiàn),易于被大眾接受。
本文作者嘗試采用隱喻作為教授科技英語語篇的手段,挖掘學生的隱喻智力,力圖探索科技隱喻成果應用于教學。高職院校的英語課程其“實用性”即語言交流的工具性,課程的教學目標是“通過指導學生閱讀和收聽有關專業(yè)的英語書刊和文獻及科技新聞,提高閱讀和翻譯科技資料的能力,并能以英語為工具獲取本專業(yè)實際工作中所需的信息。
參考文獻:
[1]胡壯麟 《語言·認知·隱喻》 現(xiàn)代外語 1997
[2]Kuhn, Thomas, Samuel. Metaphor in Science. In A: Ortony (eds.). 1993.
[3]林書武 《國外隱喻研究綜述》 外語教學與研究 (l09):11-19 1997
[4]Goatly, Andrew. 1997. The Language of Metaphor. London: Routledge.
[5]馬援 《科技語篇中的隱喻研究》 太原理工大學 2007.
[6]束定芳 《隱喻學研究》 上海:上海外語教育出版社 2003.
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