32例小腦梗死的臨床與影像學(xué)分析
發(fā)布時間:2018-06-24 來源: 美文摘抄 點擊:
[摘要] 目的 分析小腦梗死臨床及影像學(xué)表現(xiàn)特征。方法 回顧性分析該院2015年1月—2016年12月臨床確診的32例小腦梗死病例的臨床及影像學(xué)資料。所有患者均行多排螺旋CT及1.5T MRI檢查,MRI包括常規(guī)T1WI、T2WI、FLAIR及DWI序列,22例有MRA資料,13例有CTA資料。結(jié)果 臨床表現(xiàn)主要為眩暈及小腦共濟失調(diào)等。梗死病灶位于左側(cè)8例,右側(cè)12例,單純小腦蚓部2例,兩側(cè)小腦10例。病程中呈出血性腦梗死1例,伴腦干梗死9例,枕葉梗死7例。首次CT陰性23例,MRIT2WI、FLAIR尤其是DWI序列顯示病灶最佳。結(jié)論 小腦梗死多以眩暈及小腦共濟失調(diào)為表現(xiàn)但并不特異,MRI可清晰顯示小腦梗死,為診斷小腦梗死最佳的影像學(xué)成像選擇。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 小腦;梗死;眩暈;磁共振成像;診斷
[中圖分類號] R4 [文獻標(biāo)識碼] A [文章編號] 1674-0742(2018)01(c)-0175-05
[Abstract] Objective This paper tries to analyze the clinical and imaging features of cerebellar infarction. Methods From January 2015 to December 2016 in this hospital, 32 patients with cerebellar infarction confirmed clinically were eolled, the clinical and images data were analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent multi-slice spiral CT and 1.5T MRI examinations, MRI included routine T1WI, T2WI, FLAIR and DWI sequences. 22 cases had MRA data, and 13 cases had CTA data. Results The main clinical manifestations were vertigo and cerebellar ataxia. The lesions located in the left side in 8 cases, located in the right side in 12 cases, merely cerebellar vermis involved in 2 cases, bilateral cerebellar hemisphere involved in 10 cases. There was one case of hemorrhagic cerebral infarction in the course of disease, 9 cases were accompanied by brain stem infarction, 7 cases were accompanied with occipital infarction. The first CT was negative in 23 cases. MRIT2WI and FLAIR, especially DWI sequence, showed the lesion best. Conclusion Cerebellar infarction is mostly with vertigo and cerebellar ataxia and which is very heterogeneous. MRI can clearly show cerebellar infarction, so it is the best imaging modality of choice for diagnosing cerebellar infarction.
[Key words] Cerebellum; Infarction; Vertigo; Magnetic resonance imaging; Diagnosis
小腦供血動脈之間有廣泛的吻合支,發(fā)生于小腦的梗死較為少見,其占腦梗死的的3%以下。臨床表現(xiàn)并無特異性,多以頭暈、頭痛、惡心、嘔吐、步態(tài)失穩(wěn)等癥狀就診。小腦大面積急性梗死可致腦積水及腦干后下部受壓,可致死亡。單憑臨床易于漏誤診[1]。近年的研究表明,大多數(shù)小腦梗死最初多沒有被注意到,很多時候需為CT或MRI診斷。MRI無后顱窩偽影,其液體衰減反轉(zhuǎn)恢復(fù)(FLAIR)尤其是擴散加權(quán)成像(DWI)可早期診斷小腦梗死,為進一步的優(yōu)化臨床干預(yù)治療提供有力證據(jù)支持[2],F(xiàn)回顧性分析該院2015年1月—2016年12月臨床確診的32例小腦梗死病例的臨床及影像學(xué)資料,旨在探討腦梗死臨床及影像學(xué)表現(xiàn)特征,提高認(rèn)識。報道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
方便選取的32例小腦梗死患者,男20例,女12例,年齡36~83歲,平均(64.18±2.17)歲。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):入選病例均為發(fā)病7 d以內(nèi)由MRI證實為小腦首發(fā)梗死病變,符合中國腦血管疾病分類2015診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[3]。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):顱腦外傷史、小腦感染、CO中毒、可逆性后腦綜合征、脫髓鞘病變、各種先天或后天性腦病、小腦良惡性腫瘤、小腦手術(shù)史、嚴(yán)重心肝腎疾病及自身免疫性疾病、不愿配合MRI檢查或有檢查禁忌及偽影較大者、患者及其家人拒絕公開相關(guān)資料者。所有診治均獲得該院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理學(xué)委員會許可及患者本人或其監(jiān)護人的知情同意。
1.2 影像學(xué)檢查及評價方法
所有患者均行多排螺旋CT及1.5T MRI檢查,MRI包括常規(guī)T1WI、T2WI、FLAIR及DWI(Diffusion Weighted Imaging)序列,22例有MRA資料,13例有CTA資料。影像學(xué)重點觀察小腦病灶的具體位置、形態(tài)大小、密度或信號表現(xiàn)特征、血管有無變異及狹窄,顱腦伴發(fā)病變等。
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