不同采烤方式對(duì)紅花大金元上部煙葉質(zhì)量的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-08-25 來源: 美文摘抄 點(diǎn)擊:
摘要 [目的]探索提高紅花大金元上部葉烘烤質(zhì)量的采烤方式。[方法]研究對(duì)比了上部葉(4~6片)逐片一次性采收、帶莖一次性采收、分2次采收(每次采收2~3片)3種模式,從烤后煙葉外觀質(zhì)量、內(nèi)在化學(xué)成分協(xié)調(diào)性、經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀及感官評(píng)吸質(zhì)量等方面進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。[結(jié)果]與上部葉分2次采收模式相比,逐片一次性采收和帶莖采收模式,葉片單葉重有所降低,烤后煙葉外觀質(zhì)量、內(nèi)在化學(xué)成分協(xié)調(diào)性、經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀及感官評(píng)吸質(zhì)量都有所提高,尤其是對(duì)改善第4~6葉位煙葉整體質(zhì)量效果明顯。綜合評(píng)價(jià),上部葉逐片一次性采烤表現(xiàn)最好,其次為帶莖采烤,分2次采烤表現(xiàn)較差且存在烘烤難度大、雜色比例高、香氣質(zhì)含量低等問題。[結(jié)論]在保山植煙區(qū)紅花大金元上部葉可采取“逐片一次性采烤”或“帶莖一次性采烤”模式。
關(guān)鍵詞 烤煙;煙葉質(zhì)量;化學(xué)成分;評(píng)吸質(zhì)量
中圖分類號(hào) TS41+1 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A 文章編號(hào) 0517-6611(2018)02-0023-04
Abstract [Objective]Study on the method of improving the baking quality of upper leaves of HongDa. [Method]Comparative study of three models:(4 to 6) onetime harvest, with a stem of harvest, harvest twice,statistical analysis was carried out on the appearance quality, internal chemical composition coordination, economic characters and sensory evaluation quality of cured tobacco leaves.[Result] The results showed that with the upper leaves harvested two times compared with the model of piecewise onetime harvest and harvesting with stalk, leaf weight decreased, leaf appearance quality, chemical composition, internal coordination of economic traits and sensory quality are improved significantly, especially to improve the overall 4-6 tobacco leaves quality effect. Comprehensive evaluation showed that the upper leaves were the best for single time picking and baking, followed by stalk picking and roasting, and the performance of two times was poor, and the difficulty of baking was high, the proportion of variegated was high, and the aroma content was low.[Conclusion]It is recommended that the upper leaves of safflower Jinyuan in Baoshan tobacco planting area can adopt the mode of “one by one picking or baking” or “taking the stem with one time to roast”.
Key words Fluecured tobacco;Quality of tobacco leaf;Chemical composition;Smoking quality
烤煙上部葉片數(shù)占整棵煙株有效采烤葉片的1/3,是煙株產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量的重要組成部分。由于上部葉除具有良好的光照條件、通風(fēng)透光較好外,植物的頂端優(yōu)勢也會(huì)促進(jìn)葉內(nèi)干物質(zhì)的積累,導(dǎo)致上部葉組織結(jié)構(gòu)緊密、葉片較厚、難烘烤、初烤煙葉化學(xué)成分不協(xié)調(diào)等[1-2]。為提高上部葉在卷煙工業(yè)中的可用性,國內(nèi)外在提高上部煙葉烘烤質(zhì)量方面進(jìn)行了較多研究[3-5]。據(jù)研究報(bào)道,常規(guī)品種或K326品種上部葉帶莖烘烤或一次性采烤,有利于改善上部煙葉質(zhì)量,提高煙葉產(chǎn)值[6-9],但對(duì)紅花大金元上部葉采烤方式的報(bào)道較少。紅花大金元是高檔卷煙配方的重要原料,上部煙葉難烘烤、初烤煙葉青筋率高等問題是制約煙農(nóng)經(jīng)濟(jì)收益的主要瓶頸。筆者針對(duì)保山煙區(qū)特色品種紅花大金元上部葉采取不同采烤方式,為探索保山煙區(qū)紅花大金元上部煙葉適宜的采收方式,尋求上部煙葉適宜的采收方式與烤后煙葉質(zhì)量的相互關(guān)系,進(jìn)一步提高紅花大金元上部初烤煙葉的可用性等方面提供理論依據(jù)和數(shù)據(jù)支撐。
1 材料與方法
1.1 材料
烤煙品種:紅花大金元,選取大田管理規(guī)范、個(gè)體與群體生長發(fā)育協(xié)調(diào)一致、落黃均勻的優(yōu)質(zhì)煙示范田開展試驗(yàn);烤房為臥式密集烤房(8.0 m×2.7 m),烘烤燃料為褐煤。
1.2 試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì) 處理①:上部葉(4~6片)逐葉一次采收;處理②:上部葉(4~6片)帶莖一次采收;處理③:上部葉(4~6片)常規(guī)分2次采收,每次采收2~3片。
上部葉采收時(shí)從頂部向下對(duì)第1、2、3、4、5、6葉位做標(biāo)記,每個(gè)處理80株,設(shè)3次重復(fù),隨機(jī)小區(qū)排列;處理①和處理②采烤時(shí)間與常規(guī)第1次采烤時(shí)間同步;編竿后掛在同一密集烤房的二層中間位置,采取三段式烘烤工藝進(jìn)行煙葉烘烤。
相關(guān)熱詞搜索:金元 煙葉 紅花 方式 質(zhì)量
熱點(diǎn)文章閱讀