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鉀肥不同基追比對(duì)烤煙K326煙葉品質(zhì)的影響

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-08-25 來(lái)源: 歷史回眸 點(diǎn)擊:

http://img1.qikan.com.cn/qkimages/hnkx/hnkx201611/hnkx20161111-1-l.jpghttp://img1.qikan.com.cn/qkimages/hnkx/hnkx201611/hnkx20161111-2-l.jpg
  摘 要:在鉀肥用量不變的前提下,為明確鉀肥的最佳基追比例,通過(guò)梯度對(duì)比試驗(yàn),比較了鉀肥不同基肥與追肥配比對(duì)K326煙葉的外觀質(zhì)量、內(nèi)在化學(xué)成分及感官評(píng)吸的影響。結(jié)果表明:在鉀肥的基肥與追肥配比為4︰6時(shí),烤后煙葉的成熟度、顏色、葉片結(jié)構(gòu)、油分及色度均有改善,煙葉的外觀質(zhì)量達(dá)到最優(yōu);煙葉的總糖和還原糖含量增加,總氮和煙堿含量有所增加但均處于合理范圍,同時(shí)各項(xiàng)化學(xué)成分指標(biāo)更趨于協(xié)調(diào);增加了煙葉的香氣質(zhì)和香氣量,減小了刺激性和雜氣,改善煙葉吃味。綜合考慮鉀肥不同基追比對(duì)煙葉品質(zhì)的影響,建議在生產(chǎn)中鉀肥的基肥和追肥配比為4︰6,以提高煙葉工業(yè)可用性。
  關(guān)鍵詞:鉀肥;基肥;追肥;K326品種;煙葉品質(zhì)
  中圖分類號(hào):S572.062 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):1006-060X(2016)11-0034-03
  Abstract:To explore the optimum ratio of basal fertilizer to dressing fertilizer of potassium fertilizer applied on K326, the effect on appearance quality, internal chemical compositions and sensory evaluation of the tobacco were studied through comparative experiments with different ratio of basal fertilizer to dressing fertilizer under the premise of the same amount of potassium fertilizer. The results showed when it was applied with 40% basal fertilizer and 60% dressing fertilizer, the maturity, color, leaf structure, oil content and chromaticity were all improved and the appearance of the tobacco leave had the best performance; with the increased content of total sugar and reducing sugar; in addition, the increased content of total nitrogen and nicotine, the tobacco tended to have more equal distributions of chemical compositions; the improved quantity and quality of the odor with the decreased pungent odor made the sensory evaluation of the tobacco much better. As mentioned above and based on an overall consideration of the effect of tobacco leave comprehensive quality, the application of 40% basal fertilizer together with 70% dressing fertilizer of potassium fertilizer were recommended for K326 flue-cured tobacco, it could improve the availability for commercial value.
  Key words: potassium fertilizer; basal fertilizer; dressing fertilizer; K326 flue-cured; tobacco leave quality
  在烤煙所需的營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素中,鉀是需求量最多的元素[1]。鉀元素不僅參與煙株的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育、養(yǎng)分吸收等生理代謝過(guò)程,而且對(duì)煙葉品質(zhì)的形成也具有十分重要的作用[2]。增加煙葉中的鉀含量能提高煙葉的燃燒性和吸濕性[3]。含鉀多的煙葉葉片柔軟且外觀質(zhì)量好,但鉀供應(yīng)過(guò)多則會(huì)引起淀粉大量積累,葉片變厚、變脆,調(diào)制后煙葉色澤不佳[4]。提高煙葉中鉀的含量,還能減少焦油的生成,增強(qiáng)煙葉的安全性[5]。目前,通過(guò)增施鉀肥來(lái)提高煙葉中鉀含量及煙葉品質(zhì)的研究已有大量報(bào)道,但對(duì)于在鉀肥用量不變的情況下,通過(guò)調(diào)整鉀肥的基肥與追肥比例來(lái)提高煙葉含鉀量及煙葉品質(zhì)的研究報(bào)道還相對(duì)較少。試驗(yàn)在施用總量不變的情況下,通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)鉀肥的基追比例來(lái)研究其對(duì)K326煙葉品質(zhì)的影響,以明確優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉生產(chǎn)的鉀肥最佳基追比,為優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉生產(chǎn)提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。
  1 材料與方法
  1.1 試驗(yàn)地點(diǎn)及材料
  試驗(yàn)于2013年在易門縣龍泉鎮(zhèn)梅營(yíng)村開展,試驗(yàn)地海拔1 567 m,供試土壤pH值為7.29,有機(jī)質(zhì)含量為39.97 g/kg,堿解氮、速效磷和速效鉀含量分別為171.37、47.18和203.41 mg/kg。供試烤煙品種為K326,由玉溪市煙草公司提供。試驗(yàn)用肥為煙草專用復(fù)合肥(12-6-24)、硝銨(N 30 %)、鈣鎂磷肥(P2O5 16%)、硫酸鉀(K2O 50%)。
  1.2 試驗(yàn)處理
  試驗(yàn)設(shè)置5個(gè)處理,即:T1(70%鉀肥做基施+30%鉀肥做追施)、T2(60%鉀肥做基施+40%鉀肥做追施)、T3(50%鉀肥做基施+50%鉀肥做追施)、T4(40%鉀肥做基施+60%鉀肥做追施)、T5(30%鉀肥做基施+70%鉀肥做追施)。各處理基肥均采用穴施,追肥則于移栽后7、14、28 d按1︰1︰2的比例澆施。每個(gè)處理重復(fù)3次,小區(qū)隨機(jī)區(qū)組排列,小區(qū)面積80 m2,行株距1.2 m × 0.5 m。試驗(yàn)過(guò)程中除肥料因素外,其他生產(chǎn)管理均按玉溪市優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉栽培技術(shù)要求進(jìn)行,小區(qū)煙葉進(jìn)行掛牌烘烤并單獨(dú)進(jìn)行煙葉質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)。

相關(guān)熱詞搜索:烤煙 鉀肥 煙葉 比對(duì) 品質(zhì)

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