廢棄鮮煙葉發(fā)酵沼液的葉面噴施方法對烤煙生長發(fā)育的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-08-24 來源: 歷史回眸 點(diǎn)擊:
摘 要:為探索廢棄鮮煙葉發(fā)酵后沼液的再利用方式,開展了沼液不同葉面噴施方法對烤煙生長發(fā)育的影響的試驗(yàn)。試驗(yàn)分別對比了在烤煙團(tuán)棵、旺長、打頂后不同時(shí)期噴施沼液的5個(gè)處理組的數(shù)據(jù),結(jié)果表明:廢棄鮮煙葉發(fā)酵沼液對烤煙主要田間病害無誘發(fā)或傳播作用;噴施沼液對中上部葉片發(fā)育和干物質(zhì)積累有促進(jìn)作用,與不噴施沼液相比,烤煙產(chǎn)量、上等煙比例、均價(jià)有所提高,中上部煙葉外觀質(zhì)量有所改善;以旺長期噴施效果最好,其次是團(tuán)棵期,打頂后噴施效果不如前兩個(gè)時(shí)期明顯,不同時(shí)期多次噴施對相關(guān)性狀的改善有正向作用。
關(guān)鍵詞:烤煙;廢棄鮮葉;發(fā)酵;沼液;生長發(fā)育
中圖分類號:S147文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A文章編號:1006-060X(2014)22-0024-03
Effects of Discarded Fresh Tobacco Leaves Biogas Slurry by Different Leaf Spraying
Methods on Flue-Cured Tobacco Growth
LI Ya-chun1,ZHU Hong-gen1,DUAN Shi-jiang1,PENG Tao-jun2,HU Rong-hua1
。1. Ji’an Tobacco Company, Ji’an 343009, PRC; 2. Anfu Branch Ji’an Tobacco Company, Anfu 343200, PRC)
Abstract:In order to explore re-use of biogas slurry from fermentation of fresh flue cured tobacco leaves, this paper studied the influence of biogas slurry spraying methods on growth and development of flue-cured tobacco. Test were compared in the rosette stage, faster growing stage, topping in different period after spraying biogas slurry of five treatment groups of data, the results showed that: the fresh leaf of flue-cured tobacco waste biogas slurry did not induce or propagate tobacco field disease; spraying biogas slurry could promote development of upper leaves and increase dry matter accumulation. Compared to CK, tobacco yield, superior tobacco proportion and average price, and middle and upper leaves appearance quality were improved by spraying. Spraying in faster growing stage has the best effect, followed by that in rosette stage, then after multi-topping, repeatedly spraying on the related traits in different periods had positive effect.
Key words:tobacco; discarded tobacco fresh leaf; fermentation; biogas slurry; growth
廢棄鮮煙葉主要指烤煙生產(chǎn)過程中產(chǎn)生的奶腳葉和需要田間處理掉的發(fā)育不良、結(jié)構(gòu)僵硬、工業(yè)可用性低的鮮煙葉。廢棄鮮煙葉再利用率低[1],且含有大量的生物堿(其中92%~95%為煙堿)[2],降解比較困難,處理不當(dāng)容易傳播病害和污染環(huán)境。為探索廢棄鮮煙葉的循環(huán)利用新途徑,吉安市煙草公司開展了烤煙廢棄鮮葉循環(huán)利用的相關(guān)研究,前期結(jié)果表明廢棄鮮煙葉可以作為沼氣發(fā)酵原料正常生產(chǎn)沼氣[3],發(fā)酵后的沼渣作為烤煙肥料對其產(chǎn)質(zhì)量提高有促進(jìn)作用[4]。前人研究表明,普通沼液可以應(yīng)用于蔬菜、果樹、煙葉等農(nóng)作物[5-7],沼液葉面噴施對玉米、脫水油白菜、番茄等作物田間生長發(fā)育性狀的改善有一定作用[8-10]。為實(shí)現(xiàn)廢棄鮮煙葉的最大化綜合利用,吉安市煙草公司進(jìn)一步開展了田間廢棄鮮煙葉發(fā)酵沼液不同葉面噴施方法對烤煙生長發(fā)育影響的研究,以期為其在烤煙生產(chǎn)上的應(yīng)用提供理論依據(jù),并形成完整的烤煙田間廢棄鮮葉循環(huán)利用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系。
1 材料與方法
1.1 試驗(yàn)材料
試驗(yàn)于2014年3月至2014年7月在江西省安?h現(xiàn)代煙草農(nóng)業(yè)科技園進(jìn)行,供試煙田為水田,土壤質(zhì)地為砂泥田,近兩年未做過相關(guān)肥料試驗(yàn)。
供試烤煙品種為K326,3月10日移栽,行距110 cm,株距55 cm。
1.2 試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)
沼液作為葉面肥噴施,按照不同的噴施方法,共設(shè)7個(gè)處理,采用隨機(jī)區(qū)組設(shè)計(jì),小區(qū)面積60 m2,3次重復(fù),各處理分別如下:T1,團(tuán)棵期5 kg/667m2;T2,旺長期
5 kg/667m2;T3,打頂后5 kg/667m2;T4,團(tuán)棵期5 kg/667m2、
旺長期5 kg/667m2;T5,旺長期5 kg/667m2、打頂后5 kg/667m2;T6,團(tuán)棵期5 kg/667m2、旺長期5 kg/667m2、打頂后5 kg/667m2;CK,團(tuán)棵期、旺長期、打頂后各噴施清水5 kg/667m2。
相關(guān)熱詞搜索:葉面 烤煙 煙葉 生長發(fā)育 發(fā)酵
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