不同時(shí)期優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu)對煙葉品質(zhì)的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-08-25 來源: 感悟愛情 點(diǎn)擊:
摘 要 為研究不同時(shí)期優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu)對烤煙生長和產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的影響,通過田間小區(qū)對比試驗(yàn),研究不同時(shí)期優(yōu)化煙葉結(jié)構(gòu)對烤煙生長發(fā)育和產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的影響。結(jié)果表明:T3處理有助于促進(jìn)煙株葉片開展,增加光合作用面積,促進(jìn)煙株干物質(zhì)積累;T1處理增加煙葉干鮮比,增強(qiáng)煙株抗逆性;化學(xué)成分方面表現(xiàn)為T3處理較好。綜合來看,煙株采烤時(shí)3片腳葉留煙株不進(jìn)烤,采收結(jié)束時(shí)留2片頂葉不進(jìn)烤,有助于促進(jìn)煙葉品質(zhì)的提升。
關(guān)鍵詞 烤煙 ;優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu) ;生物量 ;煙葉品質(zhì)
中圖分類號 S572 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼 A Doi:10.12008/j.issn.1009-2196.2017.07.004
Effect of Optimized Leaf Removal Treatment at Different Growing Stages
on the Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves
XU Dongsheng1) XU Chensheng2) DONG Weiguang3)
YANG Longfei1) LIN Shaowu1) LI Jingchao1)
。1 Jianyang Branch of Nanping Tobacco Company, Jianyang, Fujian 354200;
2 Nanping Tobacco Company, Nanping, Fujian 353000;
3 China Tobacco Jiangsu Industrial Co.Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210019)
Abstract Tobacco plants were treated by removing some of their leaves at different growth stages in a comparative field trial to observe the effect of the treatments on the growth and development of leaves and on the quality of the leaves cured. The results showed that Treatment T3 contributed to the expansion of tobacco leaves, increased the leaf area for photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation of tobacco plant, while Treatment T1 increased the ratio of fresh to dry leaf weight and enhanced plant resistance of tobacco leaves. Treatment T3 showed better chemical composition. Generally, 3 leaves from the bottom of the tobacco plant were not harvested for flue-curing and 2 top leaves were not harvested for flue-curing at the end of harvest stage. This could help improve the quality of tobacco leaves flue-cured.
Keywords flue-cured tobacco ; optimized structure ; biomass ; quality of tobacco leaves
烤煙是產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量并重的一種作物,煙株內(nèi)干物質(zhì)的積累量及在葉片中的分配量決定了煙葉的產(chǎn)量,肥料的釋放程度、氮肥中基追比例等因素直接影響烤后煙葉質(zhì)量[1-2]。隨著煙草行業(yè)“卷煙上水平”改革的深入推進(jìn),卷煙生產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)快速提升與卷煙原料結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾日益突出[3]。煙葉優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu)是調(diào)節(jié)煙葉水平,改善煙葉結(jié)構(gòu)比例的重要措施[4]。
目前,國內(nèi)外對于優(yōu)化煙葉等級結(jié)構(gòu)的研究已經(jīng)較為深入。研究表明,優(yōu)化煙葉結(jié)構(gòu)對于平衡烤煙的經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀[5-6],提升煙葉產(chǎn)值[7-8],改善田間通風(fēng)透光、增強(qiáng)光合作用、減輕病蟲危害具有顯著作用[9-11]。同時(shí)打頂時(shí)間和留葉數(shù)的不同會顯著影響煙葉內(nèi)在化學(xué)成分[12],煙葉香氣質(zhì)和量[13-16],協(xié)調(diào)中性香氣物質(zhì)和提高部分致香成分的量[17-18]。本文從不同優(yōu)化方式出發(fā),綜合評價(jià)各個(gè)處理煙葉品質(zhì)的優(yōu)劣,篩選最佳優(yōu)化方式。
1 材料與方法
1.1 材料
試驗(yàn)于2016年在福建建陽區(qū)崇雒鄉(xiāng)崇雒村進(jìn)行,供試品種為CB-1。供試土壤肥料狀況如下:土壤pH 4.88,偏酸性,有機(jī)質(zhì)含量19.19 g/kg,堿解氮76.72 mg/kg,速效磷23.21 mg/kg,速效鉀48.15 mg/kg,水溶性氯24.904 mg/kg,交換性鈣202.64 mg/kg,交換性鎂26.87 mg/kg。
1.2 方法
試驗(yàn)共設(shè)4個(gè)處理,T1:煙株現(xiàn)蕾時(shí)打去1片腳葉,具體在煙株30%花蕾伸出托葉5 cm時(shí)進(jìn)行,下部葉開始采收時(shí)打去1片頂葉;T2:煙株現(xiàn)蕾時(shí)打去2片腳葉,具體在煙株30%花蕾伸出托葉5 cm時(shí)進(jìn)行,下部葉開始采收時(shí)打去2片頂葉;T3:煙株采烤時(shí)留3片腳葉,采收結(jié)束時(shí)留2片頂葉不進(jìn)烤。實(shí)際采收葉片數(shù)比T1少3片,比T2少1片;T4:對照,不打腳葉,不打頂葉,所有腳葉和頂葉按常規(guī)進(jìn)烤。重復(fù)3次,隨機(jī)區(qū)組排列,每個(gè)小區(qū)種植120株左右。除試驗(yàn)處理不同外,其余田間和烘烤管理參照生產(chǎn)上優(yōu)質(zhì)生產(chǎn)煙管理辦法。
相關(guān)熱詞搜索:煙葉 時(shí)期 優(yōu)化 品質(zhì) 結(jié)構(gòu)
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