摘要 [目的] 考察一種生物烤黃劑在烤煙生產(chǎn)中的應(yīng)用效果。[方法] 以生物烤黃劑為落黃材料，以125 g兌一桶噴霧器（15 L）在大田噴灑，并以噴灑清水作為對照，在重慶市彭水縣煙區(qū)進行了生物烤黃劑的對比試驗。[結(jié)果]試驗表明，噴灑生物烤黃劑可提高橘煙率6.29%～16.40個百分點，降低雜煙2.79～24.75個百分點；同時，縮短變黃期1 d左右，減少煤電成本4.44%，提高了煙葉的外在質(zhì)量，單位面積增產(chǎn)值1 800～5 880元/hm2。化學(xué)成分分析表明，生物烤黃劑處理后可使煙葉煙堿含量降低，同時增加總糖和還原糖含量，降低總氮含量；通過煙葉樣品評吸，其總分略高于對照。[結(jié)論] 研究可為生物烤黃劑應(yīng)用于煙葉烘烤，以生產(chǎn)特色優(yōu)質(zhì)烤煙提供一種技術(shù)和材料參考依據(jù)。
　　關(guān)鍵詞 生物烤黃劑；橘煙率；雜煙率；外在質(zhì)量；內(nèi)在品質(zhì)；均價
　　中圖分類號 S572 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611（2015）27-238-03
　　Experimental Study on a Biological Roasted Yellow Agent in Tobacco Leaf Production
　　ZHANG Yong-hua
　�。≒engshui Branch of Chongqing Tobacco Company， Chongqing 409066）
　　Abstract [Objective] To investigate application effect of a biological roasted yellow agent in flue-cured tobacco production. [Method] A biological roasted yellow agent applied in Pengshui tobacco district in Chongqing City has been studied in 2014. Two tests were designed. The agent of 125 g was added in a agricultural sprayer with 15 L water and sprayed the solution on the surface of both sides in first test. The clean water was sprayed on the surface of both sides in second test. [Result] The experimental results showed that the orange yellow tobacco leaf was increased in 6.29-16.40 percentage point by comparison with second test and lower quality tobacco leaf was decreased in 2.79%-24.75 percentage point by comparison with second test. In the experimental operation time was decreased in a day， the coal cost was decreased in 4.4% and the income was increased in 1 800-5 880 yuan/hm2. According to the chemical analysis of the tobacco leaf， the nicotine content was decreased in second test， the total sugar and reducing sugar content was increased and the total nitrogen content was decreased in second test. By smoking the tobacco leaf， the total score was higher than second test. [Conclusion] The study can provide reference basis for application of biological roasted yellow agent in tobacco curing to produce high quality tobacco.
　　Key words Biological roasted yellow agent； Orange yellow tobacco leaf； Lower quality tobacco leaf； External quality； Intrinsic quality； Average price
　　煙葉生產(chǎn)分為2個階段：第1階段的大田青煙葉生產(chǎn)和第2階段烤房中的黃煙葉烘烤生產(chǎn)。從煙葉生產(chǎn)目的上看，第2階段的生產(chǎn)更為重要，因為它決定前期投入是否能得到回報。
　　由于施肥過多，或成熟期雨水過多，或全年氣溫低造成煙葉生長緩慢，在采摘期不能正常采摘，容易出現(xiàn)大面積“黑爆煙”現(xiàn)象，使煙草公司生產(chǎn)任務(wù)難以完成，給煙農(nóng)帶來巨大經(jīng)濟損失。為此，對烤房中黃煙葉烘烤生產(chǎn)的研究具有較大的現(xiàn)實意義。
　　王林等發(fā)現(xiàn)，煙葉打頂后，在距離煙株根部5～10 cm處打孔，去掉此處表皮和韌皮部，并在煙壟壟溝灌水，可促進青煙葉落黃[1]。該法容易造成煙株生理饑餓落黃，即假熟，影響煙葉產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)。使用化學(xué)催熟劑乙烯利，迫使鮮葉落黃的研究也有報道，但容易造成煙葉化學(xué)殘留和品質(zhì)下降。
　　高勇等以煙株進入成熟段自然落黃機理為基礎(chǔ)，參考煙葉在烤房中的變色過程，用生物材料研制出“生物烤黃劑”，已取得了中國專利[2]。筆者以生物烤黃劑為落黃材料，分別在大田和烤房中進行試驗研究。

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