摘 要：以中煙100為材料，研究打頂后噴施不同鉀肥對(duì)烤煙化學(xué)成分的影響。結(jié)果表明，噴施硝酸鉀煙葉的鉀含量增加量最大，其鉀氯比提高，常規(guī)化學(xué)成分含量更加接近優(yōu)質(zhì)烤煙的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，噴施磷酸二氫鉀和草酸鉀也會(huì)使烤煙含鉀量有所增加，但增量沒有硝酸鉀顯著；打頂后噴施鉀肥有利于葉綠素的降解，類胡蘿卜素含量增加；噴施磷酸二氫鉀和草酸鉀有利于中性致香物質(zhì)的生成。從煙葉化學(xué)成分分析，打頂后噴施磷酸二氫鉀煙葉品質(zhì)較好。
　　關(guān)鍵詞：打頂；鉀肥；烤煙；化學(xué)成分
　　中圖分類號(hào)：S572 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A 文章編號(hào)：1006-060X（2015）10-0051-04
　　Effects of Spraying Potassic Fertilizers after Topping on Chemical
　　Composition of Flue-cured Tobacco
　　JING Yan-qiu1，YUAN Xiu-xiu1，WANG Wei-feng2，SUN Ming-hui3，
　　LIU Ying-jie4，Lu Ping5，ZHANG Yue-hua5，XU Min6
　�。�1. College of Tobacco， Henan Agricultural University， Zhengzhou 450002， PRC； 2. The Tobacco Company of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region， Nanning 530023， PRC； 3. Luohe Tobacco Company of Henan Province， Luohe 462000， China； 4. Zhengzhou Tobacco Company of Henan Province， Zhengzhou 450001， PRC； 5. Henan Tobacco Industry Limited Liability Company， Zhengzhou 450016， PRC； 6. China Tobacco Henan Industrial Corporation， Zhengzhou 450008， PRC）
　　Abstract：Take Zhongyan100 as materials to study the effects of spraying different potassic fertilizers after topping on chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that tobacco potassium content increased most after spraying potassium nitrate， the ratio of potassium to chloride increased and routine chemical composition was closer to standard high-quality flue-cured tobacco. Spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium oxalate would also make tobacco potassium content increase， but the increment was not as significant as spraying potassium nitrate. Spraying potassic fertilizer after topping was beneficial to chlorophyll degradation and carotenoid content increase. Spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium oxalate was beneficial to the formation of neutral aroma substances. The analysis of chemical composition of tobacco leaves showed that the tobacco sprayed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate after topping was of better quality.
　　Key words：topping； potassic fertilizer； flue-cured tobacco； chemical composition
　　煙草是一種喜鉀作物，同時(shí)鉀也是煙草最重要的品質(zhì)元素[1-2]。卷煙工業(yè)將含鉀量作為評(píng)價(jià)煙葉品質(zhì)的重要指標(biāo)之一，鉀含量髙的煙葉可降低煙氣中的一氧化碳和焦油的釋放量[3]。通過增加煙葉中鉀的含量是提高煙葉品質(zhì)的一項(xiàng)重要措施。我國(guó)煙葉與其他國(guó)家相比，劣勢(shì)是煙葉中鉀含量較低，平均含量未達(dá)到2%，煙葉品質(zhì)的提高受到嚴(yán)重制約[4]。煙葉中鉀含量低給我國(guó)優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉的生產(chǎn)帶來很大困擾[5]。提高煙葉鉀含量進(jìn)而提高煙葉品質(zhì)成為行業(yè)內(nèi)的研究熱點(diǎn)之一。有研究表明[6]：可以通過打頂措施改變煙葉生長(zhǎng)的庫源關(guān)系，打頂后生長(zhǎng)中心轉(zhuǎn)移到煙草頂部，促進(jìn)了生長(zhǎng)物質(zhì)的向上運(yùn)輸，增加煙葉中鉀素的積累量。因此，為促進(jìn)煙葉對(duì)鉀的吸收，可在煙葉生長(zhǎng)后期或打頂后施用含量較高的鉀素，從而使更多鉀素運(yùn)輸?shù)綗熑~中，增加煙葉鉀的積累，達(dá)到煙葉鉀含量的增加。目前市場(chǎng)上鉀肥種類眾多，筆者以不同鉀肥為研究對(duì)象，在打頂當(dāng)天分別對(duì)煙株噴施濃度為0.5%的鉀肥硝酸鉀、磷酸二氫鉀、硫酸鉀、草酸鉀和酒石酸鉀，探究打頂當(dāng)天噴施鉀肥對(duì)烤煙煙葉化學(xué)成分的影響，以期找到最適合在打頂期間噴施的鉀肥，即最大限度地提高煙葉的含鉀量進(jìn)而提高煙葉品質(zhì)。

相關(guān)熱詞搜索：打頂 烤煙 鉀肥 化學(xué)成分 噴施