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產(chǎn)權(quán)性質(zhì)下管理者教育背景對(duì)企業(yè)績(jī)效關(guān)系的探討

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-06-27 來(lái)源: 感恩親情 點(diǎn)擊:


  摘要:在企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略選擇和行為決策的過(guò)程中,擁有最大權(quán)力、資源支配力和影響力的董事長(zhǎng)和總經(jīng)理的影響極為重要。在我國(guó)企業(yè)中,董事長(zhǎng)和總經(jīng)理承擔(dān)著企業(yè)的最高管理者職能,在企業(yè)運(yùn)營(yíng)中擁有最大的權(quán)力及資源支配力、影響力,對(duì)企業(yè)績(jī)效產(chǎn)生重大影響。根據(jù)高階理論的觀點(diǎn),即來(lái)自不同背景的企業(yè)管理者在其價(jià)值觀念、認(rèn)知模式、個(gè)人偏好等方面存在的差異,會(huì)進(jìn)一步在企業(yè)的經(jīng)營(yíng)決策中得以體現(xiàn),并從一定程度上對(duì)企業(yè)績(jī)效具有解釋和預(yù)測(cè)作用。本文著從管理者教育背景特征的視角,研究我國(guó)制造業(yè)企業(yè)管理者的學(xué)歷水平、專業(yè)背景、海外教育背景對(duì)企業(yè)績(jī)效的影響。此外,在對(duì)兩者的關(guān)系進(jìn)行分析和研究時(shí),考慮到我國(guó)制度環(huán)境和市場(chǎng)化程度的影響,所以本文將產(chǎn)權(quán)性質(zhì)也考慮在內(nèi)。本文以期為我國(guó)制造業(yè)上市公司的治理結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化,總經(jīng)理選拔、任用和培訓(xùn)等提供可參考的意見(jiàn)。
  Abstract: In the process of corporate strategic choice and behavioral decision-making, the influence of the chairman and general manager with the greatest power, resources support and influence is extremely important. In China"s enterprises, the chairman and general manager assume the highest managerial functions of the company and have a significant impact on the performance of the company. According to the viewpoint of high-level theory, the differences in their values, cognitive models, personal preferences among the business managers from different backgrounds will be further reflected in the business decision-making of the company, and to a certain extent has explanatory and predictive effects to enterprise performance. From the perspective of the characteristics of managers" educational background, this article examines the influence of the educational background, professional background and overseas educational background of Chinese manufacturing industry managers on corporate performance. In addition, in the analysis and study of the relationship between the two, taking into account the impact of China"s institutional environment and degree of marketization, this article takes into account the nature of property rights. This paper aims to provide reference for the optimization of corporate governance structure, general manager selection, appointment and training for the listed companies in the manufacturing industry in China.
  關(guān)鍵詞:產(chǎn)權(quán)性質(zhì);管理者教育背景;企業(yè)績(jī)效
  Key words: nature of property rights;manager"s education background;corporate performance
  中圖分類號(hào):F271 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):1006-4311(2018)14-0077-02

0 引言


  現(xiàn)代企業(yè)治理結(jié)構(gòu)中,所有權(quán)與經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)的相互分離成為普遍趨勢(shì),高層管理者被賦予了提高企業(yè)績(jī)效以及企業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的極大期望。在我國(guó)企業(yè)中,承擔(dān)最高管理者職能的董事長(zhǎng)和總經(jīng)理,作為企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)的核心人物,在企業(yè)運(yùn)營(yíng)中擁有最大權(quán)力、支配力和影響力。他們的管理風(fēng)格和技能、戰(zhàn)略選擇、治理效率以及行為決策等也會(huì)對(duì)高管團(tuán)隊(duì)成員及員工集體的積極性、主動(dòng)性與創(chuàng)造性產(chǎn)生影響,甚至?xí)绊懙狡髽I(yè)整體的氛圍、企業(yè)文化的形成,并最終對(duì)企業(yè)的績(jī)效和發(fā)展方向產(chǎn)生巨大影響;诖,這些高管人員作為經(jīng)營(yíng)者,極有可能在進(jìn)行管理企業(yè)的日常運(yùn)營(yíng)時(shí)存在自身利益最大化的傾向,而不是以股東利益最大化為目標(biāo)。同時(shí),高層管理者在進(jìn)行分析、判斷和決策時(shí),也會(huì)受到自身?xiàng)l件的影響和限制,比如思維習(xí)慣、做事風(fēng)格、個(gè)人偏好等等。然而,信息的不對(duì)稱性更加大了所有者對(duì)管理者行為約束的有限性。根據(jù)高階理論的觀點(diǎn),即來(lái)自不同背景的企業(yè)管理者在其價(jià)值觀念、認(rèn)知模式、個(gè)人偏好等方面存在的差異,會(huì)進(jìn)一步在企業(yè)的經(jīng)營(yíng)決策中得以體現(xiàn),并從一定程度上對(duì)企業(yè)績(jī)效具有解釋和預(yù)測(cè)作用,F(xiàn)階段我國(guó)以其為基礎(chǔ)的研究,大多偏向于高層管理團(tuán)隊(duì),而對(duì)于企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)的核心人物——董事長(zhǎng)和總經(jīng)理的研究相對(duì)較少。而且,相較于西方國(guó)家更為成熟規(guī)范的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境,在我國(guó)的較低規(guī)則化和較高動(dòng)態(tài)化的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境和社會(huì)環(huán)境背景下,其適用性還有待進(jìn)一步檢驗(yàn);诖,本文研究我國(guó)企業(yè)管理者的教育背景對(duì)企業(yè)績(jī)效的影響,最終為我國(guó)企業(yè)高管的選拔、任用以及培訓(xùn)等提供一些建議,也期望能對(duì)企業(yè)優(yōu)化治理結(jié)構(gòu)、提高企業(yè)績(jī)效具有一定指導(dǎo)。

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