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控釋專用肥在煙草上應(yīng)用效應(yīng)研究

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-08-22 來源: 感恩親情 點(diǎn)擊:

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  摘 要:控釋肥在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中已廣泛應(yīng)用,但目前尚缺乏煙草控釋專用肥品種。在田間條件下開展了2年煙草控釋專用肥肥效試驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明,與當(dāng)?shù)責(zé)煵萃扑]施肥相比,煙草控釋專用肥能增強(qiáng)煙株抗病性;促進(jìn)煙葉生長(zhǎng),產(chǎn)量提高1.8%~15.7%;增加養(yǎng)分吸收量,氮磷鉀利用率分別提高6.7%~14.8%、3.4%~11.4%和4.3%~7.1%;改善煙葉外觀等級(jí)質(zhì)量,上等煙比例提高0.8~5.8個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。明顯增加上、下部煙葉還原性糖和總糖含量,降低總氮和總植物堿含量,提高中部煙葉鉀含量。顯著增加煙葉產(chǎn)值,增加經(jīng)濟(jì)效益2048~10 489元/hm2?梢姡瑹煵菘蒯寣S梅示哂休^好的綜合效應(yīng),可在煙葉生產(chǎn)中推廣應(yīng)用。
  關(guān)鍵詞:煙草;控釋肥料;產(chǎn)量;品質(zhì);養(yǎng)分利用率;煙株發(fā)病率
  中圖分類號(hào):S572.06 文章編號(hào):1007-5119(2015)05-0033-05 DOI:10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2015.05.006
  Abstract: Controlled release fertilizers (CRF) have been widely applied in agricultural production, but there is a shortage in special CRFs for tobacco at present. Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of special CRFs for tobacco on yield, appearance quality, chemical composition, nutrient use efficiency and plant disease incident rate of tobacco in two years. The results showed that, compared with local recommended fertilization, the special CRFs enhanced the resistance of tobacco plants to diseases, increased yield by 1.8%-15.7%, and improved NPK use efficiency by 6.7%-14.8%, 3.4%-11.4% and 4.3%-7.1%, respectively. Meanwhile, the special CRFs promoted appearance quality of tobacco, increased the fine tobacco ratios by 0.8-5.8 percentage point, raised reducing sugar and total sugar contents, reduced total nitrogen and alkaloid contents in the upper and lower tobacco leaves, and increased K content in the middle tobacco leaves. Furthermore, application of the special CRFs significantly increased economic benefit. The results indicated that the special CRFs showed an excellent comprehensive effect and could be popularized and applied in tobacco production.
  Keywords: tobacco; special controlled release fertilizer; yield; quality; nutrient use efficiency; plant disease incident rate
  科學(xué)施肥是提高煙葉產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的重要措施之一,國(guó)內(nèi)外已開展了大量研究[1],包括有機(jī)無機(jī)肥配施、氮磷鉀平衡施肥、氮肥品種選用、基追肥比例合理分配、增加施肥次數(shù)以及施用煙草專用肥[2-7]等,在主要煙區(qū)還制訂了煙葉生產(chǎn)施肥標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[8]。這些措施對(duì)提高煙葉產(chǎn)質(zhì)量起到很大作用。但煙草生產(chǎn)上仍存在施肥量大,大量集中施肥造成養(yǎng)分流失和肥料利用率低,施肥措施不能滿足優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉生產(chǎn)對(duì)養(yǎng)分的需求,以及施肥人工成本高等問題。為此,近年來一些研究者開展煙草控釋肥研究。有結(jié)果顯示控釋肥具有促進(jìn)煙草生長(zhǎng)及生理生化活性,提高煙葉品質(zhì)、肥料利用率和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益等效應(yīng)[9-13]。
  目前控釋肥在煙草上應(yīng)用研究還較少[13],少有在田間應(yīng)用的報(bào)道,更鮮見煙葉生產(chǎn)上推廣的煙草控釋專用肥品種[14]。另外,現(xiàn)有研究也僅限于控釋肥對(duì)煙草個(gè)別或少數(shù)性狀指標(biāo)的影響,缺乏綜合效應(yīng)評(píng)價(jià)。為此,我們自行研制出膠粘型煙草控釋專用肥[15],在前期試驗(yàn)中效果良好[16]。本研究在田間生產(chǎn)條件下進(jìn)一步探討煙草控釋專用肥應(yīng)用的綜合效應(yīng),為其推廣應(yīng)用提供實(shí)踐依據(jù)。
  1 材料與方法
  1.1 試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)
  2013、2014年試驗(yàn)分別在福建邵武市拿口鎮(zhèn)肖家坊村(N27.14°,E117.65°)和沿山鎮(zhèn)茶場(chǎng)村(N 27.30°,117.36°)進(jìn)行。煙稻輪作,兩地土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮、堿解氮、速效磷、速效鉀含量和pH分別為31.2 g/kg、2.0 g/kg、213.5 mg/kg、81.6 mg/kg、105.3 mg/kg、5.5和35.3 g/kg、1.8 g/kg、132.5 mg/kg、40.8 mg/kg、228.8 mg/kg、5.6。供試肥料品種:(1)腐熟牛糞和菜籽餅(NPK含量分別為1.04%、0.53%、0.49%和3.76%、2.41%、1.83%);(2)鈣鎂磷(12% P2O5);(3)硝酸鉀(13.5% N,44.5% K2O);(4)硫酸鉀(50% K2O);(5)煙草專用肥[m(N):m(P2O5):m(K2O)=12.5:8.0:22.5];(6)煙草控釋專用肥1[m(N):m(P2O5):m(K2O)=

相關(guān)熱詞搜索:控釋 煙草 效應(yīng) 研究 專用肥

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