漢譯英短文篇一：漢譯英短文練習(xí)

Passage 4

中國是一個疆域遼闊、人口眾多的多民族的統(tǒng)一國家。它立國的地理環(huán)境對中國文化的形成發(fā)展起到了至關(guān)重要的作用。

Multi-nationalmulti-ethnic, multi-racial united unified unitary unification underlying//underpinning the founding of the country

Ethnic group nationality ethnic minority

China is a multi-ethnic unified//unitary country with a vast territory and a large population, of which geographic surrounding//environment has played a crucial role in the formation and development of Chinese//its culture.affiliated attached high school

中國位于東亞大陸，處于一個相對隔絕封閉的地理環(huán)境中：北部是遼闊的大漠與草原，西部是浩瀚的戈壁沙漠和青藏高原，西南部是云貴山地和莽莽雨林，東部和東南部的平原與丘陵地帶則面向大洋。

Be located be situated=lie in enclosed isolatedboundless

Located//Situated in the eastern Asian continent, it lies in a relatively enclosed setting//environment. In the north are vast deserts and grasslands, in the west endless//boundless Gobi deserts and Qinghai-Tibetan Plateaus, in the south-west Yunnan-Guizhou Mountains and luxuriant//dense rain-forests, and in the east and south-east plains and hilly lands facing the oceans.

face sth face the music be faced with

這種相對封閉的地理環(huán)境為中國古代文化相對獨立的發(fā)展提供了自然條件。 This distinctive environment provided (favorable) natural conditions for the relatively separate//independent development of ancient Chinese culture.

所以在相當(dāng)長的一段時間里，中國文化與外來文化的武力沖撞較少。這對中國文化形成一個歷史悠久又自成體系，具有鮮明的地域特征且具有一定的穩(wěn)定性的文化系統(tǒng)，有著重要的作用。

Therefore, there were less//relatively few force//armed conflicts among the Chinese culture and (the) alien ones for a fairly long period of time, which exerted important impacts on the constitution of a time-honored and self-containing cultural system with striking regional features and definite stability in the Chinese culture.

中國內(nèi)部的地理環(huán)境西高東低，東西走向的幾條大河較為均勻地分布于其間，構(gòu)成了遼河、黃河、長江、珠江幾個流域。

The (inner) terrain of China is high in the west and low in the east. Several west-east running large rivers are evenly distributed, forming//creating the valleys of the Liaohe River, the Yellow River, the Changjiang River, and the Pearl River.heart-throb 流域內(nèi)縱橫其間的支流為農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展和交通提供了有利的自然條件，也促成了區(qū)域文化的發(fā)展。

The criss-crossing branches//tributaries inside the valleys not only provide favorable natural conditions for agricultural development and convenient transportation, but facilitate the progress of regional cultures as well.

風(fēng)格多樣各異的區(qū)域文化融合為一體，豐富了中國文化的內(nèi)涵。但又產(chǎn)生了區(qū)域文化間幾次的沖突，這里面既有民族間的，也有地方政權(quán)間的，但最終是復(fù)歸于文化的融合和政治的一統(tǒng)。

In their merging into a whole, regional cultures with//of various styles eiched the

(connotation//content of)Chinese culture, yet brought about//caused several conflicts, among which some occurred between different ethnic groups, while others between local regimes. In any case, they eventually reverted to cultural integration and political unity/unification.

家電以舊換新實施辦法出臺 電視最高補貼400元

財政部網(wǎng)站 2009年7月2日 財政部新聞辦公室 Website of the Ministry of Finance

Implementing Measures for Household/Home Appliance Trade-in Unveiled,// with 400 yuan//RMB Ceiling Subsidy for a TV set News//Press Office,//of the Ministry of Finance

近日，財政部、商務(wù)部、發(fā)展改革委、工業(yè)和信息化部、環(huán)境保護部、工商總局、質(zhì)檢總局聯(lián)合印發(fā)了《家電以舊換新實施辦法》（以下簡稱《辦法》），對家電以舊換新的補貼辦法、操作流程及組織實施等內(nèi)容做出了具體規(guī)定。

Recently//In the past few days, The Implementing Measures for Household/Home Appliance Trade-in (hereinafter referred to as the Measures)was jointly issued by the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Commerce, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, and the State Quality Inspection Administration, making/providing detailed/specific regulations for household appliance trade-in project in terms of subsidy measures/means/methods, operating procedures and organizing implementation.

《辦法》明確，2009年6月1日至2010年5月31日，凡在北京、天津、上海、江蘇、浙江、山東、廣東、福州和長沙等9個試點省市注冊登記具有法人資格或具有試點省市當(dāng)?shù)貞艨冢�在�?guī)定時間內(nèi)交售舊家電并購買新家電的單位和個人，在購買新家電時可享受新家電銷售價格10%的家電補貼。

It is clearly stipulated in the Measures that within/in such nine pilot provinces and cities as Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, Guangdong, Fuzhou, and Changsha, any institutions/organizations registered with corporate capacity or any individuals (registered) with local domicile, can enjoy a 10% discount/10% purchase discount when they trade in the old home appliances for the new ones in the given time during June 1st, 2009 and May 31st, 2010,

此次列入家電以舊換新補貼產(chǎn)品范圍的品種有：電視機、電冰箱（含冰柜）、洗衣機、空調(diào)、電腦等5類。補貼上限為：電視機400元/臺，冰箱（含冰柜）300元/臺，洗衣機250元/臺，空調(diào)350元/臺，電腦400元/臺。

Items listed in this trade-in cover 5 categories of TV sets, refrigerators (including ice-boxes), washing machines, air-conditioners, and computers. The ceiling/cap subsidies are 400 yuan//RMB per TV set, 300 yuan//RMB per refrigerator/icebox, 250 yuan//RMB per washing machine, 350 yuan//RMB per air-conditioner, and 400 yuan//RMB per computer. ￥ yen

購買人購買新家電時直接申報家電補貼，由銷售企業(yè)代財政部門進行審核，對符

合要求的，當(dāng)場兌付補貼資金。

When purchasers are buying new household appliances, they can directly apply for subsidies, which will be verified and cashed in on the spot by the relevant selling enterprises on behalf of the financial department if their applications conform with/to the requirements.

此外，凡在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)從購買人手中收購舊家電并交售給指定拆解處理企業(yè)進行拆解的中標(biāo)家電回收企業(yè)，均可享受運費補貼。

In addition, any bid winner//bid winning enterprises in household appliances recycling are entitled to transportation subsidy if they buy//acquire the old appliances from the purchasers and sell in a given time to the appointed//given disassembling enterprises to process.

《辦法》同時明確，試點省市政府負責(zé)本地區(qū)家電以舊換新工作的監(jiān)督管理，試點省市政府要建立工作制度，保障家電以舊換新工作有序開展。

The Measures also makes it clear that//It is also made clear in the Measures that//It is also clearly stipulated in the Measures that the (provincial and city//municipal) governments of the pilot provinces and cities should be responsible for//should take charge of the trade-in supervision and management by establishing working system to ensure the orderly operation of the project.

實施家電以舊換新政策是中央繼出臺家電下鄉(xiāng)政策后，為進一步促進擴大內(nèi)需、推動科學(xué)發(fā)展，根據(jù)我國家電產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展和消費市場實際做出的又一項重大決策。

The policy of implementing household appliance trade-in is another major decision of the central government, based on our country's//China's home appliance development and actual consumer market, to further expand///promote domestic demand and advance///facilitate scientific development after the rural household appliance promotion project//policy

實施家電以舊換新有利于擴大消費需求，促進內(nèi)外需平衡；有利于提高資源能源利用效率，減少環(huán)境污染；有利于促進節(jié)能減排和循環(huán)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，推動產(chǎn)業(yè)升級和經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整。

It is favorable//helpful to expand consumer demand, facilitate the balance between the internal//domestic and external//overseas demands, promote//increase the utilization efficiency of natural resources, and decrease environmental pollution. It is also conducive to advance energy-saving, emission-reduction, and recycling economy, and to propel industrial upgrading and economic restructuring.

姜太公釣魚 angle//fish>>>>The///A legend of Jiang Taigong

民間有句俗話，叫做“姜太公釣魚－－愿者上鉤”。這句話來自于一段歷史故事。

A folk saying goes that "When Jiang Taigong angles//fishes, only the willing one comes to be caught (by the hookless rod)", which originates from a historical story. style name//courtesy name

據(jù)史料記載：姜太公名叫姜尚，字子牙，東海(今山東省日照市東)人。因其始封于呂，故以封地為姓，又稱呂尚。

族望 courtesy name

According to the historical records, Jiang Taigong, also named Jiang Shang, with style name Ziya, was born in Donghai(the present eastern Rizhao City, Shandong Province). As his ancestor had been granted with the land Lv, he once chose Lv as his surname and also came to be known as Lv Shang.

商紂王時，姜尚曾任朝廷大夫。因目睹紂王昏庸殘暴，百姓民不聊生，遂辭官隱居于渭水之濱。

During the reign of King Zhou of the Shang Dynasty, Jiang Shang held the post as a senior official in court. Witnessing the fatuity and cruelty of the King and the dire poverty of the common people///the King's fatuity and cruelty and the common people's dire poverty, however, he resigned to live in seclusion near/on the bank of the river Wei// the Weishui River

當(dāng)時位于西部的諸侯國周國國力強盛，西伯姬昌(即周文王)禮賢下士，仁義治國，老百姓安居樂業(yè)。

At that time, Zhou, a vassal state in the west, was powerful under the merciful//benevolent administration//ruling//governance of its duke Ji Chang(later known as King Wen of the Zhou Dynasty). He was courteous to the wise and condescending to scholars // He was considerate and kind to men of talent, and everyone in the state lived a happy and harmonious life.

但長期以來，姬昌一直未能遇到一位賢德的輔佐。

But for a long time, he had failed//had been unable to obtain the assistance of a wise man.

一天，姬昌乘車去渭水北岸打獵。在渭水邊上，姬昌看見一個老者在岸邊垂釣，大隊人馬走過，老者充耳不聞，仍然是靜靜地釣魚。

One day, Ji Chang went hunting on the northern bank of the river, where he found an old man angling. When the mass (groups) of men and horses passed by, the old man still continued his angling quietly without being disturbed.////To the by-passing of the mass (groups) of men and horses, the old man turned a deaf ear and still continued his angling quietly without being disturbed.

這位老者正是姜尚，傳說當(dāng)時已經(jīng)70歲了。

This old man was nobody but Jiang Shang, who was rumored/said to be 70 years old then//to be at his 70 then.

姬昌覺得奇怪，就下車來到老者跟前，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)老者釣魚的魚鉤是直的，根本就釣不上魚來。

Puzzled, Ji Chang got off his carriage and went towards to him, only to find that the angling rod of the old man was hookless//the so-called hook of the old man was straight, (which was) impossible to catch any fish.

姬昌知道老者是一位奇人，就跟他聊了起來。

He knew that the old man was a genius and began chatting up with him.

經(jīng)過一番談話，姬昌發(fā)現(xiàn)這位老者正是自己要找的人，于是高興地說：“我祖父在世的時候曾對我說過：?將來會有一奇人幫助你把周族興盛起來。?您正是我要找的人。我的祖父盼望您已經(jīng)很久了�！� After their conversation, Ji Chang realized that the old man was the very person he had been searching for. Then he said in delight, " My grandfather told me when he was still alive, 'A genius will help you make our Zhou clan powerful and prosperous someday.' You are the very person I'm

looking for. My grandfather was expecting you for a long time."

因此古代文獻中又稱姜尚為“太公望”或“姜太公”。

So in ancient documents, Jiang Shang was also called Taigong the Expected or Jiang Taigong.

于是，姜尚跟隨姬昌來到西周，被封為國師。他輔佐西伯推行新政，西周愈加強盛，

Shortly after that///Later, Jiang Shang followed Ji Chang to the state Zhou, where he was conferred//titled as the state mentor. He assisted the duke to carry out reforms, making the state more and more powerful.

周邊諸侯國的人民也都紛紛歸順西周，三分天下西周占有了二分。

As a result, people of the neighboring vassal states came to convert themselves to//as the subjects of the state Zhou one after another, which enabled Zhou to occupy two thirds territory of the Shang Dynasty.

西伯去世后，其子姬發(fā)(即周武王)繼位，仍封姜尚為國師，尊稱尚父。Succeed to the throne/dukedom/chairmanship/chef

After the death of Ji Chang, Ji Fa, a son of the duke, succeeded to the dukedom. He also conferred Jiang Shang as the state mentor and respectfully addressed him as Father Shang///Shang the Father.

在姜尚的輔助下，姬發(fā)在盟津大會諸侯，隨后興兵伐紂，商紂王自焚而死.

Under///With his assistance, Ji Fa assembled the dukes of the other vassal states in Mengjin before launching wars against the King, who was forced to commit suicide by self-burning (to death)///was forced to burn himself to death..

商朝滅亡。姬發(fā)建立了周朝，史稱周武王，追封其父西伯姬昌為周文王。周朝建立以后，姜尚被封到齊地，建都營丘(今山東省淄博市臨淄區(qū)齊陵鎮(zhèn)附近)，齊國后來成為諸侯國中的強國。

After the downfall of the Shang Dynasty, Ji Fa established the Zhou Dynasty and was known as King Wu of the Zhou Dynasty in history. He honored his father Ji Chang with post-humous title of King Wen and granted Jiang Shang with the land Qi, of which capital was (in) Yingqiu(near the present Qiling Town, Linzi District, Zibo City, Shangdong Province). Later, Qi became a power among the vassal states.

金磚國家BRICS//BRIC Countries//BRICS Countries

2001年，美國高盛公司首席經(jīng)濟師吉姆?奧尼爾（Jim O'Neil）首次提出“金磚四國”這一概念，來自這四個國家的英文國名開頭字母所組成的詞BRIC，指巴西（Brazil）、俄羅斯（Russia）、印度（India）和中國（China），其發(fā)音類似英文的“磚塊”（brick）一詞。

In 2001, Jim O'Neil, (a/the)chief economist of Goldman Sachs//Goldman Sachs in the US, put forward for the first time the concept of BRIC, which was an acronym of Brazil, Russia, India, and China and whose pronunciation is similar to that of the English word "brick".

.......put forward for the first time the concept of BRIC, which was an acronym of Brazil, Russia, India, and China. As its pronunciation is similar to that of the English word "brick", it was translated/rendered into Chinese as jinzhuan guojia(金磚國家literally golden brick countries). 公知=公豬

漢譯英短文篇二：漢譯英短文翻譯

漢譯英短文翻譯

1

近年來，中國城市化進人加速階段，取得了極大的成就，同時也出現(xiàn)了種種錯綜復(fù)雜的問題。今天的城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)速度之快、規(guī)模之大、耗資之巨、涉及面之廣、尺度之大等已遠非生產(chǎn)力低下時期所能及，建筑已成為一種重大的經(jīng)濟活動。（102字）

1）城市化urbanization 4）遠非?一所能及surpass

2）加速階段an accelerating phase 5）重大的經(jīng)濟活動a major economic pursuit

3）錯綜復(fù)雜的問題some complicated problems

In recent years，urbanization in China has stepped into an accelerating phase. Amidst magnificent achievements，there have emerged some complicated problems. The crux is that the cities and the countryside are developing at such a rapid rate，on such a large scale，with such enormous capital，in such a vast extent that they have surpassed any historical period China has ever witnessed before. Virtually，building construction has today become a major economic pursuit in China.

2

世界各地有3,600萬人染上了艾滋病—這比整個澳大利亞的人口還多。目前，艾滋病是全球第4大死因，而在非洲則是頭號罪魁。在非洲，艾滋病使工人喪失工作，使家庭喪失經(jīng)濟來源，使父母喪失孩子。在7個非洲國家中，巧歲至49歲的人口中艾滋病病毒感染者占到20％以上。（119字）

1）染上艾滋病suffer from AIDS 3）使??喪失deprive of

2）頭號罪魁the chief culprit 4）艾滋病病毒感染者people infected with HIV

Throughout the world 36 million people are suffering from AIDS，which is more than the whole population of Australia. At present，AIDS is the fourth leading cause of death in the whole world，and the chief culprit in Africa. In Africa，it deprives jobs of the workers，families of incomings and children of their parents. In seven African countries，more than 20 percent of the 15-to-49-year-old population is infected with HIV.

3

當(dāng)今中國，對傳真機的使用已十分普及，并成為現(xiàn)代重要的通訊終端設(shè)備。據(jù)一項調(diào)查顯示，2002年，中國市場對傳真機的需求量約為200萬臺，國內(nèi)產(chǎn)量僅滿足了約30%的需求，進口機占據(jù)市場的主導(dǎo)地位。（89字）

equipment 1）傳真機fax machines

2）通訊終端設(shè)備telecommunications terminal 3）占主導(dǎo)地位dominate

In today's China，fax machines have been widely used as a popular and important modern telecommunications terminal equipment. According to a study，in 2002，Chi-na needed about 2 million fax machines，but the country only satisfied about 30% of the demand with the market dominated by the imported ones.

4

2000年，美國數(shù)碼相機的銷量達到驚人的510萬臺，而1999年只有310萬臺。數(shù)碼相機的流行其原因非常簡單：成像質(zhì)量好且花費少。此外，使用數(shù)碼相機還能省去不少麻煩。你不用買膠卷，所有的照片都被存在可反復(fù)使用的存儲卡上。一按快門，就可以馬上在液晶顯示屏上觀察照片的效果。（124字）

1）數(shù)碼相機digital camera 3）按快門press the shutter

2）可反復(fù)使用的存儲卡reusable memo cards 4）液晶顯示屏the LCD screen

Digital cameras sold an astonishing 5．1 million throughout the US in 2000，up from 3．1 million in 1999. These cameras are getting popular for a good and simple reason：they take better pictures for less money. Digital cameras have always offered convenience. You don't have to buy films because all your images are saved on reusable memory cards. Press the shutter and you can review your shot immediately on the LCD screen.

5

由于歷史、政治和經(jīng)濟上的原因，全世界講英語、用英語的人為數(shù)最多。但是英語之所以能在全球流行，除了上述原因之外，也和英語自身的一些特性和特點不無相關(guān)。其中最重要的一點就是英語特別容易接受和適應(yīng)—英語中的詞匯吸收了全世界幾乎所有主要語言的材料。（113字）

1）流行popularity 2)自身特性和特點qualities and characteristics in itself

3）不無相關(guān)have to do with 5）吸收take into

4）容易接受和適應(yīng)receptive and adaptable

The English language is spoken or read by the largest number of people in the world for historical，political，and economic reasons. But it may also be true that the popularity of English language has much to do with some qualities and characteristics in itself. First and most important is its extraordinarily receptivity and adaptability-it has taken materials into its own vocabulary from almost all major languages in the world.

6

多年來，家長和老師都曾得到過這樣一種信息：盡量利用任何機會表揚孩子，對他們所干的任何事情都要說好—據(jù)說這樣做有助于提高孩子的自尊。但是近年來許多教育家和兒童心理學(xué)家正在得出一種完全相反的結(jié)論，他們認為對孩子往往少一些贊揚為好。（113字）

1）得到信息get the message 4）兒童心理學(xué)家child psychologist

2）盡量利用任何at almost any opportunity 5）得出完全相反的結(jié)論drawing a completely different

conclusion 3）自尊self-esteem

For years，parents and teachers got the message that children should be praised at almost any opportunity，that saying“good job”for everything they do，as they believe，helps raise their self-esteem. But many educators and child psychologists are drawing a completely different conclusion：less praise is often better for their children.

7

會議期間，有3個問題受到了特別重視，它們是：加強和鞏固農(nóng)業(yè)在國民經(jīng)濟中的地位和作用，提高農(nóng)民收人；調(diào)整和改進產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)，改進和加快區(qū)域性經(jīng)濟發(fā)展；努力工作，加快下崗工人就業(yè)和再就業(yè)步伐，改善社會保障制度。

1）受到特別重視be highlighted for special attention 4）區(qū)域性經(jīng)濟regional economies

2）加強和鞏固consolidate and strengthen 5）下崗工人laid-off workers

3）調(diào)整和改進readjust and optimize

During the meeting，three aspects have been highlighted for special attention over next. They are：consolidate and strengthen the fundamental role of agriculture in the national economy and increase farmers' income；readjust and optimize the industrial structure for the promotion of coordinated development of regional economies；work hard to boost employment and the reemployment of laid-off workers，and improve the social security network．

8

當(dāng)今世界的競爭是人才的競爭。因此，黨中央決定從海外我們的留學(xué)生中，從香港、澳門、臺灣吸收和利用人才來加強我們在世界上的競爭能力。引進這些人才的重點是那些開放程度越來越大、競爭越來越激烈的部門，比如說銀行、保險等行業(yè)，以及國有大型企業(yè)的管理層。（120字）

1）人才talented professionals. 4）引進人才introduce talented people from outside

2）海外留學(xué)生overseas students 5）銀行、保險業(yè)banking，insurance industry

3）吸收和利用人才absorb and make use of 6）國有大型企業(yè)large state-owned enterprise

In today's world，competition among states is mainly a competition among talented professionals. Therefore，it is a decision adopted by the CPC Central Committee to fully absorb and make use of the talented people among our overseas students and among the professionals in Hongkong，Macao and Taiwan. This will help us strengthen our competitive edge. The departments that would introduce talented people from outside are those that are exposed to increasingly fierce competition and

that are open wider to the outsider world，such as banking，insurance industry，large state-owned enterprises，etc.

9

我們中國是世界上最大的國家之一，它的領(lǐng)土和整個歐洲的面積差不多相等。在這個廣大的領(lǐng)土之上，有廣大的肥田沃地給我們以衣食之源；有縱橫全國的大小山脈，生長了廣大的森林，貯藏了豐富的礦產(chǎn)；有很多的江河湖澤，給我們以舟揖和灌溉之利；有很長的海岸線，給我們以交通海外各民族的方便。（136字）

1）廣大的肥田沃地large areas of fertile land

2)給我們以衣食之源provide us with food and clothing

3）縱橫全國的大小山脈mountain ranges across its len妙and breadth

4）廣大的森林，豐富的礦產(chǎn)with extensive forests and rich mineral deposits

5）給我們以舟揖和灌溉之利provide us with water transport and irrigation

6）交通海外各民族的方便facilitate communication with nations beyond the seas

China is one of the largest countries in the world，her territory being about the size of the whole of Europe. In the vast country of ours there are large areas of fertile land which provide us with food and clothing，mountain ranges across its length and breadth with extensive forests and rich mineral deposits，many rivers and lakes which provide us with water transport and irrigation，and a long coastline which facilitates communication with nations beyond the seas.

10

溫哥華的輝煌是溫哥華人的智慧和勤奮的結(jié)晶，其中包括多民族團體所作的貢獻。加拿大地廣人稀，國土面積比中國還大，人口卻不足3000萬。溫哥華則是加拿大最大的多民族城市�，F(xiàn)今的180萬溫哥華居民中，有一半不是本地出生的，而平均每4個居民中就有一個是亞洲人。（120字）

1）溫哥華Vancouver

2）多民族團體multi-ethnic groups

3）智慧和勤奮的結(jié)晶a crystallization of the wisdom and diligence，此處可根據(jù)上下文進行轉(zhuǎn)換調(diào)整：the prosperity is attributed to the wisdom and diligence of the people

4）地廣人稀a vast，under-populated country

5）不是本地出生的not born locally

Vancouver's prosperity is attributed to the wisdom and diligence of the people living in Vancouver，including the contribution made by multi-ethnic groups. Canada is a vast，under-populated country with a land area larger than that of China and a population of less than 30 million and Vancouver is the largest multi-ethnic city in the country. Among its 1．8 million

residents，half were not born locally and there is on an average one Asian out of four residents. 11

人體是由各種類型的細胞構(gòu)成的，這些細胞多達50萬億，它們之間相互聯(lián)系，相互依賴。如果喪失其中的某些細胞，比如說失去構(gòu)成整條腿的細胞，將會嚴重影響其余所有肌體組織；而像心臟或腎臟之類的器官，哪怕相對較少的細胞受到嚴重損害，也可能會最終導(dǎo)致所有50萬億細胞的死亡。（128字）

1）萬億trillion

2）相互聯(lián)系，相互依賴interrelated and interdependent

3）影響其余的所有肌體組織handic即all the rest of the organism

4）最終導(dǎo)致end by...，lead to...

A man body is composed of 50 trillion cells of a variety of types，all interrelated and interdependent. Loss of some of those cells，such as those making up an entire leg，will seriously handicap all the rest of the organism，and serious damage to a relatively few cells in an organ，such as th(轉(zhuǎn)載于:www.91mayou.com 蒲 公 英 文 摘:漢譯英短文)e heart or kidneys，may end by killing all 50 trillion.

l2

不同的篇章、體裁在直譯與意譯的趨向程度上往往有所不同。一般來說，文獻類和新聞報道的翻譯多采用直譯，因為翻譯這類文獻關(guān)鍵在于譯文的準(zhǔn)確性；而對詩歌散文、戲劇電影、小說傳記等以情動人的作品，翻譯時應(yīng)多采用意譯，以充分再現(xiàn)原文的意境情趣。（115字）

1）直譯與意譯literal translation and free translation 4）文獻literatures，documents

2）不同程度地to some extent 5）關(guān)鍵在于the crux lies in

3）多采用be preferable to（something）

6）以情動人的作品emotional works

7）原文的意境情趣the right mood and flavor of the original works

Different discourses or styles tend to focus on different stresses so，to some extent，need different translating ways. Generally speaking，literal translation is preferable to free translation in translating literatures，for the crux of these literatures lies in accura-cy. On the other hand，free translation is more suitable than literal translation in translating some emotional works such as poetry，prose，drama，film，novels，autobiography，etc．，so as to reproduce the right mood and flavor of the original works.

13

從20世紀(jì)中葉到21世紀(jì)中葉的一百年間，中國人民的一切奮斗，則是為了實現(xiàn)祖國的富強、人民的富裕和民族的偉大復(fù)興。這個歷史偉業(yè)，我們黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)全國人民已經(jīng)奮斗了五十年，取得了巨大的進展，再經(jīng)過五十年的奮斗，也必將勝利完成。（105字）

1）20世紀(jì)中葉the mid-20th century 3）民族的偉大復(fù)興the nation immensely rejuvenated

2）奮斗endeavor 4）歷史偉業(yè)historic cause

All endeavors by the Chinese people for the 100 years from the mid-20th to the mid-21st century are for the purpose of making our motherland strong，the people prosperous and the nation immensely rejuvenated. Our Party has led the entire Chinese people in carrying forward this historic cause for 50 years and made tremendous progress，and it will successfully attain the objective through hard work in the coming 50 years.

14

中國的體育運動經(jīng)歷了幾千年的發(fā)展，但直到1949年中華人民共和國成立后才成為國家的事業(yè)。目前，一個全國范圍的體育運動網(wǎng)已經(jīng)建立起來，這方面的開支也被列人國家預(yù)算之中。在過去的五十年中，由于體育工作者和體育運動員的共同努力，我國的體育運動取得了可喜的成績。（123字）

1）經(jīng)歷undergo 4）列人國家預(yù)算 include in the state budget

2）國家的事業(yè)an undertaking of the state 5）可喜的成績gratifying achievement

3）體育運動網(wǎng)network for physical culture

China's sports have undergone several thousand years of development. But they were not regarded as an undertaking of the state until 1949，when the People's Republic of China was founded. Now a nation-wide network for physical culture has been set up and expenditure on this field has been included in the state budget. With the concerted efforts of sports workers and athletes，gratifying achievements have been made in physical culture and sports in the past 50 years.

15

展望新世紀(jì)初的國內(nèi)外形勢，未來五到十年，是我國經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展極為重要的時期。世界新科技革命迅猛發(fā)展，經(jīng)濟全球化趨勢增強，許多周邊國家正在加快發(fā)展。所有這些既對我們提出了嚴峻挑戰(zhàn)，也為我們提供了迎頭趕上、實現(xiàn)跨越式發(fā)展的歷史性機遇。（127字

1）極為重要的時期an extremely important period 4）嚴峻挑戰(zhàn)severe challenge

2）全球化趨勢the economic globalization trend 5）跨越式發(fā)展development by leaps and bounds

3）周邊國家neighboring countries

Looking ahead at the situation at home and abroad at the beginning of the 21st century，it can be said that the next five to ten years will be an extremely important period for China's economic and social development. The worldwide new scientific and technological revolution is progressing rapidly with great momentum. The economic globalization trend is gaining strength. Many neighboring countries are accelerating their development. All this serves as a severe challenge as well as a historic opportunity for us to strive to catch up and achieve development by leaps and bounds.

16

森林給人提供木材，還能調(diào)節(jié)氣候、保持水土、防風(fēng)固沙、改善水質(zhì)、防煙防塵、消毒殺菌、減少噪聲、美化環(huán)境、維持及改善生態(tài)平衡。如果沒有綠色植物不斷制造氧氣和吸收有害的氣體，人類就無法生存。人們的健康與空氣的優(yōu)劣有關(guān)，而空氣的優(yōu)劣又與森林的多少有關(guān)。（122字）

1）調(diào)節(jié)氣候regulate climate 4）消毒殺菌sterilize（purify）the air

2）保持水土conserve water and soil 5）生態(tài)平衡ecological balance

3）防風(fēng)固沙wall off wind，fix sands

Apart from providing people with timber，forests help regulate climate，conserve water and soil，wall off wind，fix sands，improve water quality，keep away smoke and dust，sterilize（purify）the air，reduce noise，beautify surroundings，maintain and improve ecological balance. Man would not be able to exist without green plants producing oxygen and absorbing harmful gases all the time. Man's health is closely related to the quality of the air，which in turn is decided by the size（extent）of forests.

17

許多樹木都能吸收空氣中的有害物質(zhì)和致癌物質(zhì)。林區(qū)空氣中的細菌數(shù)量只有無林區(qū)的百分之一，而百貨商店內(nèi)每立方米空氣中則含有四百多萬個細菌。綠化區(qū)可以使噪音減弱四分之一左右。森林上空和附近的空氣的含水量比無林地區(qū)多百分之十至二十。（112字）

1）致癌物質(zhì)cancer-causing substances 3）含水量moisture content

2）每立方米per cubic meter

Many kinds of trees can absorb poisonous and cancer-causing substances in the air. The amount of bacteria in a forest area makes up but 1％of that in a deforested area，while the air in a department store contains more than 4 million bacteria per cubic meter. A tree-covered area may reduce noise by a quarter. Moisture content in the air above or around a forest is 10%-20% more than that of the places devoid of forest.

18

到2020年，全世界癌癥的發(fā)病率有可能增加50個百分點，每年可能將出現(xiàn)1500萬新病例。世界健康組織全球癌癥報告指出，如果不采取積極的預(yù)防措施，這樣的趨勢將無法避免。因為這是從已經(jīng)形成的生活習(xí)慣—例如抽煙—滋生出來的。（101字）

1） 癌癥的發(fā)病率cancer rate3）無法避免inevitable

2）世界健康組織The World Health Organization

Cancer rates worldwide could increase by 50 percent by 2020，reaching 15 million new cases a year. The World Health Organization's World Cancer Report says that if no preventive measures are taken increases of this order are inevitable because they stem from habits-such as smoking-that are already established.

19

生物學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，每年有10萬多只信天翁被漁船殺死。如果不采取緊急措施，幾十年之后，大部分的信天翁種類都會滅絕。信天翁有極強的耐力和航海能力，能夠繞地球飛行幾圈而不著陸。它們一生的行程約有一千多萬英里，相當(dāng)于往返地球與月球之間50次。（112字）

1）信天翁albatross 3）滅絕extinguish，be wiped out

2）緊急措施urgent action 4）耐力endurance

Biologists have discovered that fishing fleets are eliminating more than 100, 000 albatrosses every year. In a couple of decades most species will be wiped out unless urgent action is taken. Albatrosses are capable of astonishing feats of endurance and navigation，and can fly round the world several times without stopping on land. During their lives，they fly more than 10 million miles，the equivalent of 50 return trips to the moon.

20

據(jù)研究人員統(tǒng)計，接下來的幾十年，歐洲人口將持續(xù)減少。目前歐盟國家的婦女平均生1.5個孩子，而為了保持人口替代率，每個婦女至少要生兩個孩子。即便從現(xiàn)在開始婦女增加生育數(shù)量，人口減少的趨勢仍將持續(xù)幾十年，因為

1）持續(xù)減少continue to decline 3）人口減少的趨勢the tendency to population decline

2）替代率replacement rate

According to researchers' estimate，Europe's population will continue to decline for decades. At present 1 ．5 babies are born for every European Union woman，when two births are required for the population“replacement rate”to be maintained. Even if women started to have more children again，the tendency to population decline would continue for decades，as there will be fewer parents in the next generation than in this one.

漢譯英短文篇三：漢譯英短文翻譯(1)

在從前的農(nóng)業(yè)社會里，中國人最重要的節(jié)日就是過年。對過去的一年來說，這是結(jié)束；對未來的一年來說，這是開始。一進入臘月，街頭巷尾就充滿了過年的氣氛，這種氣氛要持續(xù)一個半月之久。大家通過各種游樂節(jié)目來調(diào)劑一年來的辛勞，在游樂中流露著一種樂觀進取的精神。過年時，每家門上都貼上了春聯(lián)，耀眼的紅紙給人們帶來了喜氣，優(yōu)美的字句提供了勉勵。

In previous/former agricultural society, the Spring Festival was the most important holiday in China.It is the end of the past year and the beginning of the next. As soon as the twelfth month of the lunar year begins, streets are filled with an atmosphere of celebrating the Spring Festival for a month and a half. People relax and get rid of the past year’s hard work by a variety of entertainment with a sense of optimism and enterprise. During the holiday, Spring Festival couplets are put on the door of every household. The shining red paper brings happiness to people, and the elegant/graceful words offers encouragement.

上海是一座朝氣蓬勃、充滿活力、多姿多彩的國際化大都市。改革開放以來，上海變化之大令世人矚目。經(jīng)濟高速發(fā)展、社會秩序穩(wěn)定、人們安居樂業(yè)，呈現(xiàn)出一片繁華景象。今天，盡管上海色彩斑斕的過去還值得留戀和回味，但城市日新月異的面貌卻使越來越多的人折服。浦西展示了上海的輝煌歲月，浦東則展現(xiàn)了上海的美好前景。上海就像一輪紅日，光芒四射，鮮艷奪目。

Shanghai is a dynamic, vigorous and diversified international metropolis. Since the reform and opening-up to the outside world, Shanghai has witnessed tremendous changes that attract worldwide attention. With rapid economic development, stable social order as well as peaceful and contented life and work of its people, Shanghai presents a scene of great prosperity. Today, though Shanghai’s glorious past is still worth remembering and savoring, its ever-changing image has filled more and more people with admiration. Puxi represents Shanghai’s splendid past, while Pudong unfolds its bright future. Like a rising sun, Shanghai is shining strikingly with great brilliance.

古時候的讀書人，閑暇時間以琴棋書畫自娛自樂。在中國人看來，藝術(shù)品的好壞反映了作者人格的高低。因此，彈琴、下棋、書法和繪畫，都代表了一個人的修養(yǎng)。彈琴不是要做音樂家，而是進入一個遼闊的世界，凈化自己的心靈。下棋不是為了勝負，而是磨練耐性，使人目光眼大。書法不僅要把字寫得漂亮，也是為了陶冶情操。繪畫則是通過簡單的線條，展現(xiàn)自己想象的世界。

In ancient times, scholars enjoyed themselvesby music, chess, calligraphy and painting at their leisure/in their spare time. In the eyes of Chinese people, the quality of artwork is a reflection of the character of its creator. Therefore, playing music, playing chess, practicing calligraphy and painting show one’s culture. By playing music, one does not aim to be a musician but to broaden his horizons and purify his soul. By playing chess, one does not aim to win but to test his patience and sharpen his foresight. By practicing calligraphy, one aims not only to write beautifully but also to cultivate his mind. By painting, one creates his imaginary world with simple lines.

春節(jié)是中國最盛大的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，也叫“過年”。除夕夜里，全家人聚在一起吃豐盛的團圓飯，包餃子、放鞭炮、貼春聯(lián)、看春晚??迎接新的一年到來。大年初一早上，孩子們穿著新衣服，跟著父母去拜年。長輩們往往發(fā)給孩子們一些壓歲錢，祝福他們又長了一歲。春節(jié)是一個家人團聚的日子，離家在外的孩子都要回家。一家老少歡聚團圓，共享天倫之樂。 Spring Festival, also called “Celebrating Lunar New Year”, is the grandest traditional festival in China. On the eve of Spring Festival, the whole family gather together to have a wonderful family reunion dinner, making dumplings, setting off firecrackers , putting up Spring Festival couplets and watching Spring Festival Gala to celebrate the coming of the new year. On the first morning of Spring Festival, children, in their new clothes, follow their parents to pay New Year’s visits. Elders often give children some “gift money”, blessing them as they are a year older. Spring Festival is a period for family members to reunite when grown children away from home all return home. All family members, old and young, gather together to enjoy the happiness of the family reunion.

今天，中國的剪紙主要用于裝飾。在中國人看來，貼在門上的紅色剪紙能夠給全家?guī)�來吉祥幸福。在中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日里，尤其是春節(jié)期間，剪紙尤為常見。剪紙可以作為禮物送給親朋好友。在中國的傳統(tǒng)文化里，剪紙可以反映出生活中的各個方面，如吉祥如意、健康長壽和五谷豐登。春節(jié)期間，“�！弊纸�(jīng)常倒貼在門上，表達人們對“福到”的祝福。 Today, Chinese paper-cut is mainly used for decoration. In the eyes of Chinese people, red paper-cut pasted on doors can bring prosperity and happiness to the whole family. During traditional Chinese festivals, especially Spring Festival, paper-cut is more often seen. Paper-cut can be presented to friends and relatives as a gift. In traditional Chinese culture, paper-cut can reflect various aspects of life, such as prosperity, health, longevity and harvest. During Spring Festival, the Chinese character fu, which means happiness, is pasted upside down on doors to express wishes for happiness.

中華文明歷來注重社會和諧，強調(diào)團結(jié)互助。中國人早就提出了“和為貴”的思想，追求天人和諧、人際和諧和身心和諧。今天，中國要構(gòu)建和諧社會，就是要建設(shè)一個民主法治、公平正義、誠信友愛、充滿活力、安定有序、人與自然和諧相處的社會，實現(xiàn)物質(zhì)和精神、民主和法治、公平和效率、活力和秩序的統(tǒng)一。中國人民把民族團結(jié)作為自己的職責(zé)，把國家主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整作為自己至高無上的使命。

Chinese civilization has always attached great importance to social harmony, unity and mutual assistance. Chinese people, who proposed the idea of “harmony as the most precious” in the early days, strive for harmony between man and nature, among people and between man’s body and soul. Today, it is a harmonious society of democracy and rule of law, fairness and justice, honesty and fraternity, vitality and stability, order and harmony between man and nature that China is trying to build , which achieves unity between material and culture, democracy and rule of law, fairness and efficiency as well as vitality and order. Chinese people regard ethnical unity as their responsibility and national sovereignty and territorial integrity as their supreme mission.

正月十五元宵節(jié)是中華民族的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，也是春節(jié)之后的第一個重要節(jié)日，象征著和睦團圓。這是一年中第一個月圓之夜，標(biāo)志著大地回春。按照中國民俗，在這皓月當(dāng)空的夜晚，人們要點起彩燈萬盞以示慶賀。中國幅員遼闊、歷史悠久，元宵節(jié)的習(xí)俗全國各地也不盡相同。其中，吃元宵、賞花燈和猜燈謎是元宵節(jié)最重要的民間習(xí)俗。

The Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first lunar month is a traditional festival of the Chinese nation, also the first major one after the Spring Festival, symbolizing harmony and unity. It is the first full moon night of the lunar year, marking the return of spring. According to the Chinese folk custom, people light thousands of colorful lanterns on this moon-lit night to celebrate the festival. Because of its vast territory and long history, customs of the Lantern Festival vary in different areas across the country, among which eating yuanxiao (sweet sticky rice dumplings), appreciating lanterns and guessing lantern riddles are the most important folk customs.

中國傳統(tǒng)文化博大精深、源遠流長。早在兩千多年前，就產(chǎn)生了以孔孟為代表的儒家學(xué)說和以老莊為代表的道家學(xué)說。從孔夫子到孫中山，中國傳統(tǒng)文化有很多珍貴的思想。比如，強調(diào)仁愛、強調(diào)集體利益、強調(diào)天下為公，特別是強調(diào)吃苦耐勞、尊師重教的傳統(tǒng)美德。所有這些，都對家庭、社會和國家起到了巨大的維系和調(diào)節(jié)作用。

Traditional Chinese culture, extensive and profound, enjoys a long history. As early as 2000 years ago, there emerged Confucianism founded by Confucius and Mencius, and Taoism founded by Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu. From Confucius to Sun Yat-sen, traditional Chinese culture presents many precious ideas. For example, it stresses kindness and love, the interests of the community, the idea of Justice for All in the World, and especially the traditional virtues such as diligence and endurance, respecting teachers and valuing education. All these have played a great role in binding and regulating families, the society and the country.

中國教育改革的當(dāng)務(wù)之急是要改進現(xiàn)有課程設(shè)置和考試辦法，不要讓孩子只知道死讀書。教育改革的關(guān)鍵在于使全社會認識到中、小學(xué)教育的目的不只是讓學(xué)生掌握必要的知識，更應(yīng)該提高學(xué)生整體素質(zhì)，特別是讓他們對人生意義和社會責(zé)任這些根本性的問題要有比較深入的思考。學(xué)校要選擇合適的方式引導(dǎo)學(xué)生形成正確的世界觀。如果學(xué)校只強調(diào)知識教育而忽視了人生課程的引導(dǎo)，那么培養(yǎng)出來的只是一批文字或者數(shù)字機器。

The top priority in the reform of the education system should be given to the improvement in the curriculum and testing system so that the future generation will not study mechanically.The key to the reform of the education lies in arousing social awareness that primary and secondary education should aim not only to offer basic knowledge to students but also to improve their overall quality, especially to inspire them to ponder over some fundamental issues like the meaning of life and social responsibility. Schools should guide students in an appropriate way so that they can form a proper world view. If schools put undue emphasis on imparting knowledge while neglect the guidance on students’ life, they will produce nothing but machines only capable of memorizing words and numbers.

科教興國戰(zhàn)略是我國的一項基本國策�？萍歼M步是經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的決定性因素，發(fā)展教育又是科技進步的基礎(chǔ)。全球范圍內(nèi)日趨激烈的經(jīng)濟競爭，歸根結(jié)底是科技和人才的競爭。科教工作的根本任務(wù)是提高全民族的思想道德素質(zhì)、科學(xué)文化素質(zhì)和創(chuàng)新能力。大力發(fā)展教育和科技事業(yè)是我國現(xiàn)代化事業(yè)進一步發(fā)展的需要，同時也是適應(yīng)世界科技革命和全球經(jīng)濟競爭的需要。

The strategy of developing the country by relying on science and education is one of China’s basic state policies. Scientific and technological progress is a decisive factor in economic development, and educational development is the foundation of scientific and technological progress. The increasingly fierce economic competition across the world is, in the final analysis, the competition in science and technology and the competition for talents. The fundamental task of our work in science and education is to elevate the ideological and moral standards, the scientific and cultural level of the entire nation and its creative capabilities. The mission of vigorously developing education, science and technology is necessary for furthering China’s modernization drive and at the same time, for meeting the requirements of the world’s scientific and technological revolution and those of global economic competition.

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