MAO ON THE MARCH: Mao’s military genius and command of the Red Army were confirmed through the Long March The Long March, from October 1934 to October 1936, was a 6,000-mile trek by the Communist Party that resulted in the relocation of their revolutionary base in central China to Yan’an in the northwest. Three months into its most famous retreat, the Red Army took over and occupied the southwestern city of Zunyi from the nationalist Kuomintang army in January 1935. A conference took place in a 27-square-meter room that would change the face of China.
　　A military commanding team consisting of Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Wang Jiaxiang was formed at the meeting. Mao emerged from the conference as the leader of the Communist Party and in full control of the Red Army after losing military command for two years. The conference had 20 participants, including such future prominent state leaders as Zhou and Deng Xiaoping.
　　When the Kuomintang forces of Chiang Kai-shek threatened to encircle and crush the Communist forces at the end of 1934, the Communists decided to break through the Kuomintang lines at their weakest point and march westward.
　　The Communists called the military maneuver the “west march;” Chiang was the first to come up with the term Long March, in a speech referring to his military action to annihilate the Red Army.The same month as the Zunyi meeting was held, Japanese armies that had occupied China’s northeastern provinces for over three years invaded further south to the central provinces. However, Chiang still stuck to a non-resistance policy towards the Japanese invasion while stepping up the civil war, and relocated hundreds of thousands of troops to southwest China to encircle the Red Army on the Long March.At the Zunyi meeting, Mao made a long speech to illustrate that the essential reason for the military setbacks the Red Army suffered is “the mistake in strategy.”
　　Before the Zunyi meeting, the Communist Party of China had unconditionally respected the authority and followed all instructions of the Comintern, which was founded in 1916 to unite Communist parties around the world for the socialist movement. This complete loyalty, according to Professor Jin Yi’nan from China’s National Defense University, brought destructive losses to the Red Army and the Communist regime. Thus, the Zunyi meeting marked a turning point in that China’s young Communist Party started to act on its own initiative and in accordance with China’s actual circumstances.After the meeting, Mao directed the troops to make unexpected movements to escape from the encirclement of Kuomintang troops. The ensuing successive military victories are attributable to the regained leadership of Mao over the Red Army and his military tactics.The Long March laid the foundation for the victory of the Chinese revolution and is regarded as a critical moment for the Communist Party.
　　Many soldiers who survived the Long March later become state leaders of the new republic. After the march, Mao remained leader of the Communist Party and later of China until his death in 1976.

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