英語短文帶翻譯篇一：英語小短文帶翻譯

on June 15, Sunday, I went to play football with my friends in the afternoon. We went to the playground where we usually went. We were playing happily. Suddenly, I fell over and my leg hurt. My best friend, Li Hua, took me to a hospital. The doctor looked over my leg for a while. At the end, there aren't any big problems on my leg and my friends went home with me in case i would fall down again.

6月15號(hào),星期天下午,我和我的朋友們?nèi)ヌ咦闱?我們?nèi)ノ覀內(nèi)ミ^的操場(chǎng)玩,我們玩得很開心,突然,我摔倒了,腳也受傷了,我最好的朋友李華,送我去醫(yī)院,醫(yī)生看了我的腳一會(huì)兒,最后,醫(yī)生說我腳沒有什么大問題,然后我的朋友就送我回家

A crow felt very thirsty. He looked for water everywhere. Finally, he found a pitcher. But there was not a lot of water in the pitcher. His beak could not reach it. He tried again and again, but still could not touch the water.

When he was about to give up, an idea came to him. He took a pebble and dropped it into the pitcher. Then he took another and dropped it in.

Gradually, the water rose, and the crow was able to drink the water.

口渴的烏鴉

一只烏鴉口渴了，到處找水喝。終于，他找到了一個(gè)大水罐。

然而，水罐里面的水并不多，他的尖嘴夠不到水面，他試了一次又一次，都沒有成功。 就在他想放棄的時(shí)候，他突然想到一個(gè)主意。烏鴉叼來了一塊小石子投到水罐里，接著又叼了一塊又一塊石頭放進(jìn)去。

漸漸地，水面升高了。烏鴉高興地喝到了水。

寓意: 有些東西雖然看起來微不足道，但如果積少成多，便會(huì)帶來很大變化。 My family

I love my family, because I have a happy family. My father is an English teacher. His name is Jacky. He is thirty-eight. He likes playing basketball. What’s my mother job? Is she a teacher? Yes, you’re right! My mother is very kind and nice, she is thirty-seven. My mother is always laborious work. I love my parents! On Saturday and Sunday, I often go to the library and play the piano, My father go to play basketball. Sometimes, we watch TV and listen to music at home. I love my family. Because I’m very happy to live with my parents together!

我的家庭 我愛我的家庭,因?yàn)槲矣幸粋�(gè)快樂的家庭. 我的爸爸是一名英語教師,他的名字叫Jacky.他今年38歲.他非常喜歡打籃球.我的媽媽是趕什么呢?她是一名教師嗎?是的.你說對(duì)了!我的媽媽是一個(gè)很親切、友善的人,她今年37歲.我媽媽總是勤勞的干活.我愛我的父母. 在星期六和星期天里,我經(jīng)常去圖書館和彈鋼琴.我爸爸去打籃球.有時(shí)侯,我們都在家看電視和聽音樂. 我愛我家.因?yàn)槲液桶职謰寢屢黄鹕�活得很開心!

My Room

This is my room. Near the window there is a desk. I often do my homework at it. You can see some books, some flowers in a vase, a ruler and a pen. On the wall near the desk there is a picture of a cat. There is a clock above the end of my bed. I usually put my shoe under my bed. Of course there is a chair in front of the desk. I sit there and I can see the trees and roads outside.

我的房間

這是我的房間。 在窗口附近有一張書桌。 我經(jīng)常在那做我的家庭作業(yè)。 您能看

有些書，有些花在花瓶里，一把格尺和筆。 在墻壁在書桌有貓的圖片。 有一個(gè)時(shí)鐘在我的床上的末端。 我通常把我的鞋子放在我的床下。 當(dāng)然有一把椅子在書桌前面。 我坐那里，并且我能看外面的樹和路

Skating

Mom bought me a pair of skating shoes at my fifth birthday. From then on, I developed the hobby of skating. It not only makes me stronger and stronger, but also helps me know many truths of life. I know that it is normal to fall, and if only you can get on your feet again and keep on moving, you are very good!

滑冰

媽媽買了我一雙冰鞋鞋子在我的第五個(gè)生日。 從那時(shí)起，我愛好滑冰。 它不僅使我越來越加強(qiáng)，而且?guī)椭�我知道生活許多真諦。 我知道摔倒是正常的，并且，如果只有你能摔倒后再站起來，就是非常好!

The Sea

What do you know about the sea? Some people know about it, but others don’t. The sea looks beautiful on a fine sunny day, the sea is very big. In the world, there is more sea than land. Do you know Hainan Island? It’s really very nice. We can see beaches, trees and the sea. We can swim and visit a lot of beautiful places.海

你對(duì)海知道些什么？ 某些人知道關(guān)于它，但其他不。 �？雌饋砻利愒谝粋�(gè)美好的晴天，海是非常大的。 在世界上，比土地有更多海。 您是否知道海南島？ 那非常好。 我們能看海灘、樹和海。 我們可以游泳和參觀很多美好的地方。

Computers

Computers are changing our life. You can do a lot of things with a computer. Such as, you can use a computer to write articles, watch video CDs, play games and do office work. But the most important use of a computer is to join the Internet.We don’t need to leave home to borrow books from a library or to do shopping in a supermarket.Computers help us live a more convenient life.

計(jì)算機(jī)

計(jì)算機(jī)改變我們的生活。 您能做很多事用計(jì)算機(jī)。 例如，您能使用計(jì)算機(jī)寫文章，手表錄影CDs，戲劇比賽和完成辦公室工作。 但對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)的最重要的用途是加入Internet.我們不需要離開家去從圖書館借用書或在超級(jí)市場(chǎng)做購物。

計(jì)算機(jī)幫助我們居住更加方便的生活。

Smiling

I think smiling is as important as sunshine. Smiling is like sunshine because it can make people happy and have a good day. If you aren’t happy, you can smile, and then you will feel happy. Someone may say, “But I don’t feel happy.” Then I would say, “Please smile as you do when you are happy or play with your friends happily. You will really be happy again.”

Smiling can let you have more friends.So I say, smiling is like a flower. It will give you happiness.

微笑

我認(rèn)為微笑是一樣重要的象陽光。 微笑是象陽光，因?yàn)樗�可能使人愉快和有一個(gè)早晨好。 如果您不是愉快的，您能微笑，您然后將感覺愉快。 某人也許說， “但是我不感到愉快”。 然后我會(huì)說， “請(qǐng)微笑，您，當(dāng)您愉快地是愉快或戲劇與您的朋友。 您真正地再將是愉快的”。

微笑可能讓您有更多朋友。如此我說，微笑是象花。 它將給您幸福。

Sunday

It was Sunday and I didn't have to go to school. I finished my homework the day before. So I decided to help mother do housework. I washed some clothes after I got up. Then I went shopping with a basket. I bought some meat, eggs and some vegetables in the market. After I came back, I started to cook dinner for the whole family. In the evening, I sat at the table and began to write down on my notebook what I had done during the day.

星期天

它是星期天，并且我沒有必須去學(xué)校。 我前一天完成了我的家庭作業(yè)。 如此我決定幫助做家事。 在我起來了之后，我洗了一些衣裳。 然后我?guī)е�籃子去購物。 我在市場(chǎng)上買了一些肉、蛋和有些菜。 在我回來了之后，我開始為全家烹調(diào)晚餐。 在晚上，我在我的筆記本寫下什么我白天做了什么。

春天：Spring

Spring is a delightful season. The temperatures are moderate, and the blooming trees and flowers make the city bright with colors. This is the time when we can begin to wear lighter and more brightly colored clothes and go outdoors more often. Smaller children like to bring their kites out to the spacious square. Also I enjoy going back to the village on this holiday after being in the city for the winter months.

春天是個(gè)讓人欣喜的季節(jié).氣溫適中,掛滿綠葉的樹和盛開的花朵給城市增添了明亮的色彩.在這個(gè)時(shí)節(jié)里,我們可以穿上輕便靚麗的衣服經(jīng)常出門去了.小孩子們則喜歡在廣闊的天空中放風(fēng)箏.在城里呆了一個(gè)冬天之后,我也喜歡回到村子里度假.

夏天：

Summer is the great season for all sports in the open air. It is the season for football which is often called the national sport because of its popularity. I usually watch television and read the newspaper reports about the football results of the little leagues. During the summer I like to go to the beach often because it is very close to my home. I usually go there during the summer vacation to relax after many months in school in the city. I feel very comfortable with the familiar quiet life of the villagers.夏天是戶外運(yùn)動(dòng)最好的季節(jié).這是一個(gè)橄欖球的季節(jié),橄欖球由于廣受歡迎被稱為全民運(yùn)動(dòng).我常常看電視,看報(bào)紙,從報(bào)道中獲得小聯(lián)盟橄欖球賽的比賽結(jié)果.夏日里,我喜歡經(jīng)常去海灘,因?yàn)槟抢镫x我家不遠(yuǎn).在城里的學(xué)校呆了幾個(gè)月后,暑假我常常去那里放松一下.此處有我很熟悉的村民們的寧靜生活,這讓我倍感舒適.

秋天：Autumn

For me the autumn or fall starts in September when school starts its new term. I

usually do some shopping. The mild weather made it very nice to study outside under the trees in a small park close to my house. I like to look up the leaves changing colors from green to red and yellow, and then brown colors. The park also has many bright fall flowers; sometimes I see a small squirrel coming down from the tree to hunt for food on the ground. On the weekends, I sometimes like to fly my kite. Usually on the street corners you can see street peddlers selling warm baked sweet potatoes. This is a nice time of the year.

我覺得秋天是在9月份新學(xué)期開始的時(shí)候來臨.我常常要去買一些東西.宜人的天氣讓我感覺在離家不遠(yuǎn)的小公園的樹下學(xué)習(xí)是件非常愜意的事.我喜歡抬起頭看蓍枝頭上的樹葉由綠變紅,變黃,然后再變褐.公園里還有許多鮮艷的秋花.有時(shí)我會(huì)見到小松鼠從樹上跳到地上覓食.在周末,我有時(shí)會(huì)去放風(fēng)箏.在街頭的拐角處,常常會(huì)有街頭小販在賣烤紅薯.秋天是一年中的好時(shí)節(jié).

冬天：Winter

Winter is very cold and windy in most parts of China. I usually look forward to the Spring Festival and the winter holiday when I can go to the south where the climate is warmer during these holidays. Also, I look forward to seeing my grandparents and my friends. Winter is the time everyone is in a festive mood. In the city, I usually do a lot of reading at home in the winter because of eh cold weather outside.

中國大部分地區(qū)的冬天是即冷又有風(fēng)的。我總是盼望著春節(jié)或寒假，到時(shí)候我就可以去南方了，當(dāng)?shù)氐臍夂蛟谶@時(shí)會(huì)暖和的多。我也盼望著去探望我的祖父母和我的朋友。冬天，每個(gè)人都懷著喜慶的心情。在城里，冬天的時(shí)候我經(jīng)常待在家里盡情地看書，因?yàn)橥饷娴奶鞖夥浅５睦洹?/p>

Park

There is a park near my home.There are a lot of beautiful trees,flowers and birds in the park.So many people go to the park to enjoy their weekends.They like walking or having a picnic in the park.But I like flying a kite with my sisiter there.

我家附近有一個(gè)公園。哪里有很多美麗的樹、花和小鳥。所以很多人都喜歡到那里去度周末。他們喜歡在公園里散步或是野餐.但是我喜歡和我姐姐在那里放風(fēng)箏。

Bedroom

I have a small bedroom.There are only a small bed,a small desk and a small chair in the room.And there is a beautiful doll on my blue bed.Everyday I do my homework,read books and play games with the doll in my bedroom.It is small,but it gives me much happiness.

我有一間小小的臥室。那里有一張小小的床、小小桌子和一把小小的椅子。而且還有一個(gè)漂亮的娃娃在我那張藍(lán)色的小床上。我每天都在房間里寫作業(yè)，看書和與我的娃娃玩。雖然房間很小，但是他給了我很多歡樂。

My father

My father is a tall and handsome man.He is a policeman. Everyday he comes back

home very late,because he must help the others.He doesn't have time to examine my homework and take me to the park.But I like my father,because he is a good policeman.

我的爸爸是一個(gè)高大帥氣的男人。他是一個(gè)警察。他每天都很晚才回家，因?yàn)樗�要幫助其他的人。他沒有時(shí)間給我檢查作業(yè)和帶我去公園。但是我仍然很喜歡我的爸爸，因?yàn)樗�是一個(gè)好警察。

Yesterday it was Fathers'Day.I didn't go to school, I went shopping with my friend.I used my pocket money to bought a nice gift for my father .As soon as I got home,I cleaned the house and did some housework.When my father came back home,he saw the house was clean.He felt very happy.

昨天是父親節(jié),我沒有去上學(xué),我和我的朋友們一起去購物,我用我的零花錢給我爸爸買了一份漂亮的禮物,我一回家,我就打掃房間和做家務(wù).當(dāng)我爸爸回到家的時(shí)候,他看見屋子很干凈,他感到非常開心.

英語短文帶翻譯篇二：英語短文笑話(帶翻譯)

1、How much English can you speak?

"Your Honor, I want to bring to your attention how unfair it is for my client to be accused of theft. He arrived in New York City a week ago and barely knew his way around. What's more, he only speaks a few words of English."

The judge looked at the defendant and asked, "How much English can you speak?"

The defendant looked up and said, "Give me your wallet!"

中文翻譯

"法官先生，我的當(dāng)事人被指控偷竊，這是多么不公正啊。他一周前才來到紐約，幾乎不認(rèn)路。而且，他只會(huì)說幾個(gè)英語單詞。"

法官看了看被告，問道："你會(huì)說多少英文？"

被告抬起頭，說："把你的錢包給我！"

2

A husband, proving to his wife that women talk more than men, showed her a study which indicated that men use on average only 15000 words a day, whereas women use 30000 words a day. She thought about this for a while and then told her husband that women use twice as many words as men because they have to repeat everything they say.

He said, "What?"

丈夫給妻子看了一項(xiàng)調(diào)查結(jié)果，為了向她證明女人比男人啰嗦。研究表明男人平均每天使用15000個(gè)字，而女人每天使用30000個(gè)。

妻子想了一會(huì)兒說，女人每天說的字?jǐn)?shù)是男人的兩倍，因?yàn)樗齻儽仨氈貜?fù)已經(jīng)說過的話。 他問："什么？"

3

Boy: Is this seat empty?

Girl: Yes, and this one will be if you sit down.

男孩：這個(gè)座位是空的么？

女孩：是的，如果你坐下，我的座位也將是空的。

4、

"Tom, what's the matter with your brother?" asked the mother in the kitchen. "He's crying."

"Oh, nothing, Mum," replied Tom. "I'm eating my cake. He is crying because I won't give him any."

"But has he finished his own cake?"

"Yes." said Tom. "And he also cried when I was helping him finish that."

"湯姆，你弟弟怎么了？" 媽媽在廚房里問。"他在哭。"

"沒事兒，媽媽，" 湯姆答道。"我在吃我的蛋糕。他哭是因?yàn)槲也唤o他吃。"

"他已經(jīng)吃完自己的了么？"

"是的。" "我?guī)退�吃完時(shí)，他也哭了。"

2009-6-7

A guy says to his friend, "Guess how many coins I have in my pocket."

The friends says, "If I guess right, will you give me one of them?"

The first guys says, "If you guess right, I'll give you both of them!"

路人甲對(duì)路人乙說，"猜猜我兜里有幾個(gè)子兒？"

路人乙說："我猜對(duì)了，你能給我一個(gè)不？"

路人甲說："你要猜對(duì)了，我兩個(gè)全部給你！"

2009-6-6研究生和本科生的區(qū)別

"I can always tell a graduate class from an undergraduate class," said an instructor at a university graduate engineering course. "When I say 'Good afternoon,' the undergraduates respond 'Good afternoon.' But the graduate students just write it down."

一個(gè)教師在研究生工程學(xué)課堂上說："我一眼就能看出來哪些是本科生，哪些是研究生。" "我說'下午好'的時(shí)候，本科生回答'下午好'，而研究生則把這句話記在本子上。"

2009-6-5

Dad: Tom, please tell me, which month has 28 days?

Tom: Every month.

爸爸：告訴我湯姆，哪個(gè)月有28天呢？

湯姆：每個(gè)月都有�。�

2009-6-4making faces

Finding one of her students making faces at others on the playground, Ms Smith stopped to gently reprimand the child. Smiling sweetly, the Sunday school teacher said, "Bobby, when I was a child I was told if I made ugly faces, my face would freeze and stay like that". Bobby looked up and replied, "Well, Ms Smith, you can't say you weren't warned."

史密斯小姐發(fā)現(xiàn)她的一名學(xué)生在操場(chǎng)上向別人做鬼臉，便去輕責(zé)他。

這位主日學(xué)校的老師甜甜地微笑著，說："博比，我小的時(shí)候，有人告訴我如果我做鬼臉，我的臉就會(huì)僵硬，永遠(yuǎn)都那么丑。"

博比抬頭看了看老師，說："史密斯小姐，你可別說沒人警告過你啊。"

2009-6-3

A guy goes to visit his grandma and he brings his friend with him.

While he's talking to his grandma, his friend starts eating the peanuts on the coffee table, and finishes them off.

As they're leaving, his friend says to his grandma, "Thanks for the peanuts."

She says, "Yeah, since I lost my dentures I can only suck the chocolate off."

一名男子帶著朋友去探望他的祖母。

當(dāng)他和祖母聊天時(shí)，他的朋友開始吃咖啡桌上放的花生，并把花生都給吃光了。 他們離開時(shí)，他的朋友對(duì)祖母說:"謝謝您的花生。"

結(jié)果祖母說:"唉！自從我牙齒掉光后，我就只能吮掉花生豆外層的巧克力了。"

2009-6-2

A father was trying to teach his son the evils of alcohol.

He put one worm in a glass of water and another worm in a glass of whiskey. The worm in the water lived, while the one in the whiskey curled up and died.

"All right, son," asked the father, "What does that show you?"

"Well, Dad, it shows that if you drink alcohol, you will not have worms."

一位父親打算讓自己的兒子知道酒精有多么可怕。

他把分別把兩只蟲子放到一杯清水和一杯威士忌里做對(duì)比。清水里蟲子安然無恙，結(jié)果威士忌里的蟲子蜷縮了幾下就掛掉了。

"所以，兒子啊，"父親問道，"得出什么結(jié)論？"

"恩，這說明，你只要喝酒的話，肚里就不會(huì)長蟲了！"

2009-6-1

Looking very unhappy, a poor man entered a doctor's consulting-room.

"Doctor," he said, "you must help me. I swallowed a penny about a month ago."

"Good heavens, man!" said the doctor. "Why have you waited so long? Why don't you come to me on the day you swallowed it?"

"To tell you the truth, Doctor," the poor man replied, "I didn't need the money so badly then."

中文翻譯：

一個(gè)看起來很難受的窮人走進(jìn)大夫的診室。

"大夫！"他說，"幫幫我！一個(gè)月前我吞了一分硬幣！"

"天哪，"大夫說，"早干嘛去了？你當(dāng)時(shí)怎么不來看？"

"實(shí)話告訴您吧，大夫，"窮人說，"我當(dāng)時(shí)還不缺錢！"

2009-5-31

Boy: Hi, didn't we go on dates before? Onec or twice?

Girl: Must've been once. I never make the same mistake twice.

男孩：嗨，我們之前是不是約會(huì)過，是一次還是兩次，我忘記了。

女孩：應(yīng)該只有一次吧，我從不犯兩次同樣的錯(cuò)誤。

2009-5-30

In an entrance examination of a conservatory of music, a teacher asked one of the boys, "What is the most important physiological quality of a musician?"

"To be deaf," replied the boy.

"Nonsense!" said the teacher angrily.

"Why, sir! Don't you know that the famous musician Beethoven was deaf?" the boy asked in reply disdainfully.

在一次音樂學(xué)院的入學(xué)考試中，老師問其中一個(gè)男孩："音樂家最重要的生理素質(zhì)是什么？" "耳聾，"男孩答道。

"胡說！"老師氣憤地說。

"怎么了，先生！難道您不知道大名鼎鼎的音樂家貝多芬是個(gè)聾子嗎？"男孩輕蔑地反問道。

2009-5-28

A man sat at a bar, had the saddest hangdog expression.

Bartender: "What's the matter? Are you having troubles with your wife?"

The man: "We had a fight, and she told me that she wasn't going to speak to me for a month." Bartender: "That should make you happy."

The man: "No, the month is up today!"

一個(gè)男人坐在酒吧里，傷心至極。

酒吧招待："你怎么了？跟老婆鬧矛盾了？"

男人："我們吵了一架，她說一個(gè)月都不跟我說話。"

酒吧招待："那你應(yīng)該高興才是�。�"

男人："不，今天是這個(gè)月的最后一天。"

【Laughter】2009-5-27

A woman worries about the future until she gets a husband. A man never worries about the future until he gets a wife.

女人找了老公之前都在擔(dān)憂未來。男人娶了老婆之前從來不為未來擔(dān)憂。

2009-5-26

A man will pay $2 for a $1 item he wants. A woman will pay $1 for a $2 item that she doesn't want.

男人想要的東西，要是值1塊錢卻賣2塊，他也會(huì)買；而對(duì)于女人，即使是不想要的東西，要是值2塊錢卻只賣1塊，她也會(huì)買。

2009-5-25

The female dormitory will be out-of-bounds for all male students and vice versa. "Anybody caught breaking this rule will be fined $20 the first time. Anybody caught breaking this rule the

2nd time will be fined $60. Being caught a 3rd time will incur a fine of $180. Are there any questions?" At this moment, a male student in the crowd inquires, "Umm...How much for a season pass?"

女生宿舍將全面禁止男生進(jìn)入，男生宿舍也同樣不得女生光臨。

"不論是誰，一旦違規(guī)，初犯將被罰款20美元。再犯要被罰款60美元。第3次被抓需要交180美元的罰款。還有什么疑問么？"

這時(shí)人群中一個(gè)男同學(xué)問道，"那么一個(gè)季度通行證需要多少錢？"

2009-5-24

Boy: Can I buy you a drink?

Girl: Actually I'd rather have the money.

男孩：我可以給你買杯飲料嗎？

女孩：你不如直接把錢給我得了。

2009-5-22

Doctor: Your cough sounds much better today.

Patient: It should. I've been practicing all night.

醫(yī)生：聽上去你咳嗽今天好多了。

病人：應(yīng)該如此。我昨晚練習(xí)了一整夜。

2009-5-21

Pete: "The last time I was out hunting, I stepped off a high cliff, and would you believe it, while I was falling every fool deed I'd ever done came into my mind."

Bob: "Must have been a pretty high mountain you fell from."

皮特："我上次出去打獵，跌下了很高的懸崖，信不信由你，當(dāng)我跌落的時(shí)候，我腦海里浮現(xiàn)了我做過的所有蠢事。"

鮑勃："你一定是從萬丈高山上跌落的吧。"

2009-5-19

Spending the night with their grandparents, 2 young boys knelt beside their beds to say their prayers at bedtime. The younger boy began praying at the top of his lungs:"I PRAY FOR A BIKE... I PRAY FOR A NEW DVD..."

His older brother nudged him and said, "Why are you shouting your prayers? God isn't deaf." To which the little brother replied, "No, but Grandma is!"

2個(gè)男孩與祖父母一起過夜，他們跪在床邊做睡前禱告。弟弟聲嘶力竭地祈禱: "我祈求一輛自行車，一張新DVD……"

哥哥用肘輕推他: "你為什么大喊著祈禱？上帝又不聾。"

弟弟答道:"上帝是不聾，但是奶奶聾。"

英語短文帶翻譯篇三：英語短文帶翻譯

電視電視--以快速變化與發(fā)展為標(biāo)志的最普遍、最具有影響力的一項(xiàng)現(xiàn)代技術(shù)，正在步 入一個(gè)極端復(fù)雜化與多樣化的新時(shí)代。

這個(gè)時(shí)代承諾重新塑造我們的生活和我們的世界。 這可以稱得上是又一次電子革命，其關(guān)鍵在于電視技術(shù)與計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的結(jié)合。"電視"這個(gè)詞 來源于希臘語詞根(tele：遠(yuǎn))和拉丁語詞根(vision：景象)，可以從字面上理解為來自遠(yuǎn)處的 景象。

簡(jiǎn)單說來，電視是以這種方式工作的，通過一個(gè)復(fù)雜的電子系統(tǒng)，電視能夠?qū)⒁环?圖像(這幅圖像被聚焦在一部攝像機(jī)內(nèi)的一塊特殊的光導(dǎo)底片上)轉(zhuǎn)換成能經(jīng)過導(dǎo)線或電纜 發(fā)送出去的電子脈沖信號(hào)。

>01 Television

Television -- the most pervasive and persuasive of modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth – is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world. It is an electronic revolution of sorts, made possible by the marriage of television and computer technologies.

The word "television", derived from its Greek (tele: distant) and Latin (visio: sight) roots, can literally be interpreted as sight from a distance. Very simply put, it works in this way: through a sophisticated system of electronics, television provides the capability of converting an image(focused on a special photoconductive plate within a camera) into

electronic impulses, which can be sent through a wire or cable. These impulses, when fed into a receiver (television set), can then be electronically reconstituted into that same image.

Television is more than just an electronic system, however. It is a means of expression, as well as a vehicle for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings.

The field of television can be divided into two categories determined by its means of transmission. First, there is broadcast television, which reaches the masses through broad-based airwave transmission of television signals. Second, there is nonbroadcast television, which provides for the needs of individuals or specific interest groups through controlled transmission techniques.

Traditionally, television has been a medium of the masses. We are most familiar with broadcast television because it has been with us for about thirty-seven years in a form similar to what exists today. During

those years, it has been controlled, for the most part, by the broadcast networks, ABC, NBC, and CBS, who have been the major purveyors (貨物、服務(wù)、消息等的提供者,供應(yīng)者)of news, information, and entertainment. These giants of broadcasting have actually shaped not only television but our perception of it as well. We have come to look upon the picture tube as a source of entertainment, placing our role in this dynamic medium as the passive viewer.

當(dāng)這些電子脈沖信號(hào)被輸入一部接收機(jī)(電視機(jī))時(shí)，就可以用 電子學(xué)的方法把脈沖信號(hào)重新恢復(fù)成同一幅圖像。但是，電視不僅僅是一個(gè)電子系統(tǒng)，它還是一種表達(dá)工具和傳播渠道。 因此，電視成了一個(gè)對(duì)其他人發(fā)生影響的強(qiáng)大工具。電視這 個(gè)領(lǐng)域可以根據(jù)其發(fā)射方式分為兩類。

第一類為廣播電視，通過電視信號(hào)的寬帶無線電波 發(fā)射展現(xiàn)在大眾面前；第二類為非廣播電視，使用受控的發(fā)射技術(shù)來滿足個(gè)人以及某些特殊利益群體的需要。電視早已成為大眾媒介。 我們熟悉廣播電視，因?yàn)閺V播電視已經(jīng)以類似 目前的方式存在了大約 37 年。

在那些年頭中，電視絕大部分一直由 ABC、NBC、CBS 這 些廣播電視公司控制著，這些廣播電視公司一直是新聞、信息和娛樂的主要提供者。 這些 廣播業(yè)的巨頭實(shí)際上不僅塑造了電視，而且也塑造了我們對(duì)電視的理解。 我們漸漸把顯像 管看作是娛樂的來源，讓自己成為這個(gè)生動(dòng)的媒介的被動(dòng)觀眾。

>02 Andrew Carnegie

Andrew Carnegie, known as the King of Steel, built the steel industry in the United States, and, in the process, became one of the wealthiest men in America. His success resulted in part from his ability to sell the product and in part from his policy of expanding during periods of economic decline, when most of his competitors were reducing their investments.

Carnegie believed that individuals should progress through hard work, but he also felt strongly that the wealthy should use their fortunes for the benefit of society. He opposed charity, preferringinsteadto provide educationalopportunities that would allowothers tohelp themselves. "He who dies rich, dies disgraced, " he often said.

Among his more noteworthy contributions to society are those that bear his name, including the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh, which has a library, a museum of fine arts, and a museum of national history. He also founded a school of

technology that is now part of Carnegie-Mellon University. Other philanthropic gifts are the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace to promote understanding between nations, the Carnegie Institute of Washington to fund scientific research, and Carnegie Hall to provide a center for the arts.

Few Americans have been left untouched by Andrew Carnegie's generosity. His contributions of more than five million dollars established 2,500 libraries in small communities throughout the country and formed the nucleus of the public library system that we all enjoy today.

安德魯·卡內(nèi)基 被稱作鋼鐵大王的安德魯·卡內(nèi)基在美國建立了鋼鐵工業(yè)。 在這個(gè)過 程中，他變成了美國最富有的人之一。

他的成功，部分來自于他銷售產(chǎn)品的能力，部分來 自于經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條時(shí)期的擴(kuò)充策略。 在蕭條時(shí)期，他的多數(shù)對(duì)手都在縮減投資�？▋�(nèi)基認(rèn)為個(gè) 人應(yīng)該通過努力工作來獲得進(jìn)展，但他也強(qiáng)烈地感到有錢人應(yīng)該運(yùn)用他們的財(cái)富來為社會(huì)謀 取福利。 他反對(duì)施舍救濟(jì)，更愿意提供教育機(jī)會(huì)，使別人自立。

卡內(nèi)基經(jīng)常說："富有著 死去的人死得可恥。"他對(duì)社會(huì)的較重要的貢獻(xiàn)都以他的名字命名。 這些貢獻(xiàn)包括匹茲堡卡 內(nèi)基學(xué)校。

這個(gè)學(xué)校有一個(gè)圖書館，一個(gè)美術(shù)館和一個(gè)國家歷史博物館；他還創(chuàng)立了一所 技術(shù)學(xué)校，這所學(xué)校現(xiàn)在是卡內(nèi)基 梅隆大學(xué)的一部分；其他的慈善捐贈(zèng)有為促進(jìn)國家間了 解的"卡內(nèi)基國際和平基金"，為科學(xué)研究提供經(jīng)費(fèi)的華盛頓卡內(nèi)基學(xué)院以及給各種藝術(shù)活動(dòng) 提供活動(dòng)中心的卡內(nèi)基音樂廳。安德魯·卡內(nèi)基的慷慨大度幾乎影響到每個(gè)美國人的生活。 由于他超過五百萬美元的捐款，2500 個(gè)圖書館得以建立起來，遍布在美國各地的小村鎮(zhèn)， 形成了我們今天還在享用的公共圖書館系統(tǒng)的核心。

>03 American Revolution

The American Revolution was not a revolution in the sense of a radical or total change. It was not a sudden and violent overturning of the political and social framework, such as later occurred in France

and Russia, when both were already independent nations.

Significant changes were ushered in, but they were not breathtaking. Whathappened was

accelerated evolution rather than outright revolution. During the conflict itself people went onworking and praying, marrying and playing. Most of them were not seriously disturbed by the actual fighting, and many of the more isolated communities scarcely

knew that a war was on. America's War of Independence heralded the birth of three modern nations. One was Canada, which received its first large influx of English-speaking population from the thousands of loyalists who fled there from the United States. Another was Australia, which became a penal colony now that America was no longer available for prisoners and debtors. The third newcomer -- the United States -- based itself squarely on republican principles.

Yet even the political overturn was not so revolutionary as one might suppose. In some states, notably Connecticut and Rhode Island, the war largely ratified a colonial self-rule already existing. British officials, everywhere ousted, were replaced by a home-grown governing class, which promptly sought a local substitute for king and Parliament. 美國革命 美國革命其實(shí)并不算是一場(chǎng)革命，因?yàn)樗�并未�?dǎo)致完全的和徹底的變化。 這

次革命并不是對(duì)政治和社會(huì)框架的一次突然和猛烈的顛覆，象后來在已經(jīng)是獨(dú)立國家的法國 和俄國所爆發(fā)的革命那樣。

革命帶來了重大的變化，但并非翻天覆地，所發(fā)生的只是進(jìn)化 的加速，而不是一場(chǎng)徹底的革命；在沖突期間，人們?nèi)匀簧习�、做禮拜、結(jié)婚、玩耍。 多數(shù)人并沒有受到實(shí)際戰(zhàn)斗的嚴(yán)重影響。 許多較閉塞的社區(qū)對(duì)這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)幾乎一無所知。美國 獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)宣布了三個(gè)現(xiàn)代國家的誕生，其中一個(gè)是加拿大。

加拿大的第一大批講英語的流 入人口來自于成千上萬英王的效忠者， 這些人從美國逃到了加拿大。 另一個(gè)國家是澳大利 亞，因?yàn)槊绹�不再是容納罪犯和欠債者的國度了，澳大利亞就變成了一個(gè)懲治罪犯的殖民地(注：獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)前，英國政府將罪犯流放到美國)。 第三個(gè)國家就是美國，它完全建立在共和原則基礎(chǔ)上。即使政治上的顛覆也不如人們可能想象的那樣具有革命性。 在一些州，特 別是康涅狄格和羅德島，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)基本上只是承認(rèn)了已經(jīng)存在的殖民地

的自治。

四處被驅(qū)逐的 英國官員都被本土的統(tǒng)治階級(jí)所替代，這個(gè)統(tǒng)治階級(jí)迅速地以地方權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)來替代國王和議 會(huì)。 >04 Suburbanization

If by "suburb" is meant an urban margin that grows more rapidly than its already developed interior, the process of suburbanization began during the emergence of the industrial city in the second quarter of the nineteenth century. Before that period the city was a small highly compact cluster in which people moved about on foot and goods were conveyed by horse and cart.

But the early factories built in the 1830's and 1840's were located alongwaterways and near railheads at the edges of cities, and housing was needed for the thousands of people drawn by the prospect of employment. In time, the factories were surrounded by proliferating mill towns of apartments and row houses that abutted the older, main cities. As a defense against this encroachment and to enlarge their tax bases, the cities appropriated their industrial neighbors. In1854, for example, the city of Philadelphia annexed most of Philadelphia County. Similar municipal maneuvers took place in Chicago and in New York. Indeed, most great cities of the United States achieved such status only by incorporating the communities along their borders.

With the acceleration of industrial growth came acute urban crowding and accompanying social stress -- conditions that began to approach disastrous proportions when, in 1888, the first commercially successfulelectric traction line was developed. Withina few yearsthe horse-drawn trolleys were retired and electric streetcar networks crisscrossed and connected every major urban area, fostering a wave of suburbanization that transformed the compact industrial city into a dispersed metropolis.This first phase of mass-scale suburbanization was reinforced by the simultaneous emergence of the urban Middle Class, whose desires for

ho

meownership in neighborhoods far from the aging inner city were satisfied by the developers of single-family housing tracts.

郊區(qū)的發(fā)展 如果"郊區(qū)"指的是比已建好的城市內(nèi)部發(fā)展更為迅速的城市邊緣地帶，那 么郊區(qū)化可以說始于 1825 年至 1850 年工業(yè)化城市出現(xiàn)期間。

在這之前，城市只是高度密 集的小聚居群。 在其中，人們步行走動(dòng)，商品靠馬車來運(yùn)送。 但是建于 18 世紀(jì)三四十年 代的早期工廠位于城邊的航道和鐵路附近，被工作機(jī)會(huì)吸引到這里的成千上萬的人們需要住房。 漸漸地，在與舊有的主要城區(qū)相毗鄰的地方，不斷涌現(xiàn)出由排房和公寓樓組成的工人 聚居區(qū)，包圍了工廠。作為對(duì)這種侵蝕的自衛(wèi)，也為了擴(kuò)大它們收稅的地域范圍，城市吞并 了工業(yè)化的臨近地帶，比如 1854 年費(fèi)城的城區(qū)就兼并了費(fèi)縣的絕大部分地區(qū)。 相似的城市 化也發(fā)生在芝加哥和紐約。 今天很多美國的大城市其實(shí)就是靠吞并它們附近的邊緣地區(qū)而 變成大都會(huì)的。隨著工業(yè)化的加速發(fā)展，城市里出現(xiàn)了嚴(yán)重?fù)頂D和相伴而來的社會(huì)壓力。 當(dāng)1888 年第一條商業(yè)上成功的電氣化鐵軌被制造出來時(shí)，壓力開始接近危機(jī)的程度。 幾年之內(nèi)，馬車就被廢棄了，電車網(wǎng)相互交織連接著各個(gè)重要的城區(qū)，從而形成了一種郊區(qū)化的潮 流，即密集的工業(yè)城市轉(zhuǎn)變成了分散的都市。

此時(shí)城市中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的出現(xiàn)進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)了第一 波大規(guī)模郊區(qū)化。 這些中產(chǎn)階級(jí)希望在遠(yuǎn)離老舊城市的地區(qū)擁有住宅，單一家庭住宅地區(qū) 的開發(fā)者滿足了他們的愿望。

>5 Types of Speech

Standard usage includes those words and expressions understood, used, and accepted by a majority of the speakers of a language in any situation regardless of the level of formality. As such, these words and expressions are well defined and listed in standard dictionaries. Colloquialisms, on the other hand, are familiar words and idioms that are understood by almost all speakers of a language and used in informal speech or writing, but not considered appropriate for more formal situations. Almost all idiomatic expressions are colloquial language. Slang, however, refers to words and expressions understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as good, formal usage by the majority. Colloquial expressions and even slang may be found in standard dictionaries but will be so identified. Both colloquial usage and slang are more common in speech than in writing.

Colloquial speech often passes into standard speech. Some slang also passes into standard speech, but other slang expressions enjoy momentary popularity followed by obscurity. In some cases, the majority never accepts certain slang phrases but nevertheless retains them in their collective memories. Every generation seems to require its own

set of words to describe familiar objects and events.

It has been pointed out by a number of linguists that three cultural conditions are necessary for the creation of a large body of slang expressions. First, the introduction and acceptance of new objects and situations in the society; second, a diverse population with a large number of subgroups; third, association among the subgroups and the majority population

Finally, it is worth noting that the terms "standard" "colloquial" and "slang" exist only as abstract labels for scholars who study language. Only a tiny number of the speakers of any language will be aware that they are using colloquial or slang expressions. Most speakers of English will, during appropriate situations, select and use all three types of expressions.

語言的類型 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)用法包括那些為使用這種語言的大多數(shù)人在任何場(chǎng)合下理解、使用和 接受的詞和短語，而不論該場(chǎng)合是否正式。

這些詞和短語的意義已很確定并被列入了標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 詞典中。 相反，俗語是指那些幾乎所有講這種語言的人都理解并在非正式的口頭或書面中 使用，卻不適用于更正規(guī)的一些場(chǎng)合的詞和短語。 幾乎所有的習(xí)慣用語都屬于俗語，而俚 語指的是為很多講這種語言的人理解但大多數(shù)人不把它們列入好的、正式用法之內(nèi)的詞和短 語；俗語甚至俚語都可能在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)字典中查到，但是字典中會(huì)標(biāo)明它們的性質(zhì)。

俗語和俚語 詞匯的應(yīng)用都是口頭較多、筆頭較少。俗語用法經(jīng)常地被接受為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)用法。 一些俚語也變 成了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)用法，但另外一些俚語只經(jīng)歷了短暫的流行，而后就被棄之不用了。 有時(shí)候，多 數(shù)人從來不接受某些俚語，但是他們把這些俚語保存到集中記憶中。

每一代人似乎都需要 獨(dú)有的一套詞匯來描述熟知的物體和事件。 很多語言學(xué)家指出，大量俚語的形成需要三個(gè) 文化條件：第一，對(duì)社會(huì)中新事物的引入和接受；第二，一個(gè)由大量子群構(gòu)成的多樣化人口； 第三，各子群與多數(shù)人口之間的聯(lián)系。最后需要提到的是，"標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語"、"俗語"和"俚語"這些 術(shù)語只是對(duì)研究語言的專家才有用的抽象標(biāo)簽。不論何種語言，只會(huì)有很小一部分使用者能夠意識(shí)到他們是在使用俗語或俚語。 講英語的多數(shù)人能夠在適當(dāng)?shù)膱?chǎng)合中選擇使用所有 這三種語言類型。

06 The Language of Music

A painter hangs his or her finished picture on a wall, and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it until it is performed.

Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is utterly dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and as arduous a training to become a performer as a medical student needs to become a doctor. Most training is concerned with technique, for musicians have to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords would be inadequate without controlled muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow to and fro with the right arm -- two entirely different movements.

Singers and instrumentalists have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune. Pianists are spared this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, waiting for them, and it is the piano tuner's responsibility to tune the instrument for them. But they have their own difficulties: the hammers that hit the strings have to be coaxed not to soundlike percussion, and each overlapping tone has to sound clear.

This problem of getting clear texture is one that confronts student conductors: they have to learn to know every note of the music and how it should sound, and they have to aim at controlling these sounds with fanatical but selfless authority. Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music that they can enjoy performing works written in any century.

音樂的語言

畫家將已完成的作品掛在墻上，每個(gè)人都可以觀賞到。 作曲家寫完了一部作品，得由 演奏者將其演奏出來，其他人才能得以欣賞。因?yàn)樽髑�家是如此完全地依賴于職業(yè)歌手和職 業(yè)演奏者，所以職業(yè)歌手和職業(yè)演奏者肩上的擔(dān)子可謂不輕。

一名學(xué)音樂的學(xué)生要想成為 一名演奏者，需要經(jīng)受長期的、嚴(yán)格的訓(xùn)練，就象一名醫(yī)科的學(xué)生要成為一名醫(yī)生一樣。

絕 大多數(shù)的訓(xùn)練是技巧性的。

音樂家們控制肌肉的熟練程度，必須達(dá)到與運(yùn)動(dòng)員或巴蕾舞演 員相當(dāng)?shù)乃�平�? 歌手們每天都練習(xí)吊嗓子，因?yàn)槿绻�不能有效地控制肌肉的話，他們的�?帶將不能滿足演唱的要求。 弦樂器的演奏者練習(xí)的則是在左手的手指上下滑動(dòng)的同時(shí)，用 右手前后拉動(dòng)琴弓--兩個(gè)截然不同的動(dòng)作。歌手和樂器演奏者必須使所有的音符完全相同協(xié) 調(diào)。 鋼琴家們則不用操這份心，因?yàn)槊總�(gè)音符都已在那里等待著他們了。

給鋼琴調(diào)音是調(diào) 音師的職責(zé)。 但調(diào)音師們也有他們的難處： 他們必須耐心地調(diào)理敲擊琴弦的音錘，不能讓 音錘發(fā)出的聲音象是打擊樂器，而且每個(gè)交疊的音都必須要清晰。如何得到樂章清晰的紋理 是學(xué)生指揮們所面臨的難題：他們必須學(xué)會(huì)了解音樂中的每一個(gè)音及其發(fā)音之道。 他們還 必須致力于以熱忱而又客觀的權(quán)威去控制這些音符。除非是和音樂方面的知識(shí)和悟性結(jié)合起 來，單純的技巧沒有任何用處。

藝術(shù)家之所以偉大在于他們對(duì)音樂語言駕輕就熟，以致于 可以滿懷喜悅地演出寫于任何時(shí)代的作品。

>07 Schooling and Education

It is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people go to get an education. Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important.

Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education knows no bounds. It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or in the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor. It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning. The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist.

Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises. A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions. People are engaged in education from infancy on. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term. It is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integral part of one's entire life.

Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies littlefromone setting to the next.

Throughout a country, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. The slices of reality that are to be learned, whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the workings of government, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the

subject being taught. For example, high school students know that they are not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with.

There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling.

上學(xué)與受教育

在美國，人們通常認(rèn)為上學(xué)是為了受教育。 而現(xiàn)在卻有人認(rèn)為孩子們上學(xué)打斷了他們 受教育的過程。 這種觀念中的上學(xué)與受教育之間的區(qū)別非常重要。

與上學(xué)相比，教育更具 開放性，內(nèi)容更廣泛。 教育不受任何限制。 它可以在任何場(chǎng)合下進(jìn)行，在淋浴時(shí)，在工作 時(shí)，在廚房里或拖拉機(jī)上。

它既包括在學(xué)校所受的正規(guī)教育，也包括一切非正規(guī)教育。 傳 授知識(shí)的人可以是德高望重的老者，可以是收音機(jī)里進(jìn)行政治辯論的人們，可以是小孩子， 也可以是知名的科學(xué)家。 上學(xué)讀書多少有點(diǎn)可預(yù)見性，而教育往往能帶來意外的發(fā)現(xiàn)。 與 陌生人的一次隨意談話可能會(huì)使人認(rèn)識(shí)到自己對(duì)其它宗教其實(shí)所知甚少。

人們從幼時(shí)起就 開始受教育。 因此，教育是一個(gè)內(nèi)涵很豐富的詞，它自始至終伴隨人的一生，早在人們上 學(xué)之前就開始了。

教育應(yīng)成為人生命中不可缺少的一部分。然而，上學(xué)卻是一個(gè)特定的形 式化了的過程。 在不同場(chǎng)合下，它的基本形式大同小異。 在全國各地，孩子們幾乎在同一 時(shí)刻到達(dá)學(xué)校，坐在指定的座位上，由一位成年人傳授知識(shí)，使用大致相同的教材，做作業(yè)， 考試等等。

他們所學(xué)的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的一些片斷，如字母表或政府的運(yùn)作，往往受到科目范 圍的限制。

例如，高中生們知道，在課堂上他們沒法弄清楚他們社區(qū)里政治問題的真情， 也不會(huì)了解到最新潮的電影制片人在做哪些嘗試。

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