英漢互譯短文篇一：英漢對(duì)照短文

失敗的意義

Failure doesn't mean you are a failure,失敗并不代表你是個(gè)失敗者

It does mean you haven't succeeded yet.它只表明你尚未成功

Failure doesn't mean you have accomplished nothing, 失敗并不代表你一無所獲 It does mean you have learned something.它只表明你吸取了一次教訓(xùn)

Failure doesn't mean you have been a fool, 失敗并不代表你很愚蠢

It does mean you had a lot of faith.它只表明你信心百倍

Failure doesn't mean you've been disgraced, 失敗并不代表你無臉見人

It does mean you were willing to try.它只表明你百折不回

Failure doesn't mean you don't have it, 失敗并不代表白費(fèi)功夫

It does mean you have to do something in a different way.它只表明你的方法仍待改進(jìn)

Failure doesn't mean you are inferior, 失敗并不代表你低人一等

It does mean you are not perfect.它只表明你也并非完人

Failure doesn't mean you've wasted your life, 失敗并不代表你浪費(fèi)了生命 It does mean you have a reason to start afresh.它只表明你有理由重新開始 Failure doesn't mean you should give up, 失敗并不代表你應(yīng)該放棄

It does mean you must try harder.它只表明你要加倍努力

Failure doesn't mean you'll never make it, 失敗并不代表成功永遠(yuǎn)不屬于你 It does mean it will take a little longer.它只表明你可能需要付出更多的時(shí)間 Failure doesn't mean God has abandoned you, 失敗并不代表上帝已經(jīng)將你拋棄 It does mean God has a better idea.它只表明上帝還有更好的主意

I’ll give you some advice about life.

給你生活的忠告

Eat more roughage;

多吃些粗糧；

Do more than others expect you to do and do it pains;

給別人比他們期望的更多，并用心去做；

Remember what life tells you;

熟記生活告訴你的一切；

Don’t take to heart every thing you hear.

Don’t spend all that you have.

Don’t sleep as long as you want;

不要輕信你聽到的每件事，不要花光你的所有，不要想睡多久就睡多久； Whenever you say” I love you”, please say it honestly;

無論何時(shí)說“我愛你”，請(qǐng)真心實(shí)意；

Whevever you say” I’m sorry”, please look into the other person’s eyes; 無論何時(shí)說“對(duì)不起”，請(qǐng)看對(duì)方的眼睛；

Fall in love at first sight;

相信一見鐘情；

Don’t neglect dreams;

請(qǐng)不要忽視夢(mèng)想；

Love deeply and ardently, even if there is pain, but this is the way to make your life complete; 深情熱烈地愛，也許會(huì)受傷，但這是使人生完整的唯一方法； Find a way to settle, not to dispute;

用一種明確的方法解決爭(zhēng)議，不要冒犯；

Never judge people by their appearance;

永遠(yuǎn)不要以貌取人；

Speak slowly, but think quickly;

慢慢地說，但要迅速地想；

When someone asks you a question you don’t want to answer, simle and say, “Why do you want to know?” 當(dāng)別人問你不想回答的問題時(shí)，笑著說：“你為什么想知道？”

Remember that the man who can shoulder the most risk will gain the deepest love and the supreme accomplishment; 記�。耗切└矣诔袚�(dān)最大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的人才能得到最深的愛和最大的成就；

Andrew Carnegie

Andrew Carnegie, known as the King of Steel, built the steel industry in the United States, and, in the process, became one of the wealthiest men in America. His success resulted in part from his ability to sell the product and in part from his policy of expanding during periods of economic decline, when most of his competitors were reducing their investments. Carnegie believed that individuals should progress through hardwork, but he also felt strongly that the wealthy should use their fortunes for the benefit of society. He opposed charity, preferring

insteadto provide educationalopportunities that would allow others tohelp themselves. "He who dies rich, dies disgraced, " he often said.

Among his more noteworthy contributions to society are those that bear his name, including

the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh, which has a library, a museum of fine arts, and a museum of national history. He also founded a school of technology that is now part of Carnegie-Mellon University. Other

philanthropic gifts are the Carnegie Endowment for International Peaceto promote understanding between nations, the Carnegie Institute of Washington to fund scientific research, and Carnegie Hall to provide a center for the arts.

Few Americans have been left untouched by Andrew Carnegie's generosity. His contributions of more than five million dollars established 2,500 libraries in small communities throughout the country and formed the nucleus of the public library system that we all enjoy today.

安德魯·卡內(nèi)基 被稱作鋼鐵大王的安德魯·卡內(nèi)基在美國建立了鋼鐵工業(yè)。 在這個(gè)過 程中，他變成了美國最富有的人之一。

他的成功，部分來自于他銷售產(chǎn)品的能力，部分來 自于經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條時(shí)期的擴(kuò)充策略。 在蕭條時(shí)期，他的多數(shù)對(duì)手都在縮減投資�？▋�(nèi)基認(rèn)為個(gè)

人應(yīng)該通過努力工作來獲得進(jìn)展，但他也強(qiáng)烈地感到有錢人應(yīng)該運(yùn)用他們的財(cái)富來為社會(huì)謀 取福利。 他反對(duì)施舍救濟(jì)，更愿意提供教育機(jī)會(huì)，使別人自立。

卡內(nèi)基經(jīng)常說："富有著 死去的人死得可恥。"他對(duì)社會(huì)的較重要的貢獻(xiàn)都以他的名字命名。 這些貢獻(xiàn)包括匹茲堡卡 內(nèi)基學(xué)校。

這個(gè)學(xué)校有一個(gè)圖書館，一個(gè)美術(shù)館和一個(gè)國家歷史博物館；他還創(chuàng)立了一所 技術(shù)學(xué)校，這所學(xué)�，F(xiàn)在是卡內(nèi)基 梅隆大學(xué)的一部分；其他的慈善捐贈(zèng)有為促進(jìn)國家間了 解的"卡內(nèi)基國際和平基金"，為科學(xué)研究提供經(jīng)費(fèi)的華盛頓卡內(nèi)基學(xué)院以及給各種藝術(shù)活動(dòng)

提供活動(dòng)中心的卡內(nèi)基音樂廳。安德魯·卡內(nèi)基的慷慨大度幾乎影響到每個(gè)美國人的生活。 由于他超過五百萬美元的捐款，2500

個(gè)圖書館得以建立起來，遍布在美國各地的小村鎮(zhèn)， 形成了我們今天還在享用的公共圖書館系統(tǒng)的核心。

Children's Numerical Skills

People appear to be born to compute. The numerical skills of children develop so early and so inexorably that it is easy to imagine an internal clock of mathematical maturity guiding their growth. Not long after

learning to walk and talk, they can set the table with impressive accuracy -- one knife, one spoon, one fork, for each of the five chairs. Soon they are capable of noting that they have placed five knives, spoons and forks on the table and, a bit later, that this amounts to fifteen pieces of

silverware. Having thus mastered addition, they move on to subtraction.It seems almost reasonable to expect that if a child were secluded on a desert island at birth and retrieved seven years later, he or she could enter a second-grade mathematics class without any serious problems of intellectual adjustment.

Of course, the truth is not so simple. This century, the work of cognitive psychologists has illuminated the subtle forms of daily learning on which intellectual progress depends. Children were observed as they slowly grasped -- or, as the case might be, bumped into -- concepts that adults take for granted, as they refused, for instance, to concede that quantity is unchanged as water pours from a short stout glass into a tall thin one. Psychologists have since demonstrated that young children, asked to count the pencils in a pile, readily report the number of blue or red pencils, but must be coaxed into finding the total. Such studies have suggested that the rudiments of mathematics are mastered gradually, and with effort. They have also suggested that the very concept of abstract numbers - the idea of a oneness, a twoness, a threeness that applies to any class of objects and is a prerequisite for doing anything more mathematically demanding than setting a table - is itself far from innate.

兒童的數(shù)學(xué)能力

人似乎生來就會(huì)計(jì)算。 孩子們使用數(shù)字的技能發(fā)展得如此之早和如此必然，很容易讓 人想象有一個(gè)內(nèi)在的精確而成熟的數(shù)字鐘在指導(dǎo)他們的成長。

孩子們?cè)趯W(xué)會(huì)走路和說話后 不久，就能以令人驚嘆的準(zhǔn)確布置桌子--五把椅子前面分別擺上一把刀、一個(gè)湯匙、一把叉

子。 很快地，他們就能知道他們已在桌面上擺放了五把刀、五個(gè)湯匙、五把叉子。 沒有多 久，他們就又能知道這些東西加起來總共是 15 把銀餐具。

如此這般地掌握了加法之后，他 們又轉(zhuǎn)向減法。 有一種設(shè)想幾乎順理成章，那就是，即使一個(gè)孩子一出生就被隔絕到荒島

上，七年后返回世間，也能直接上小學(xué)二年級(jí)的數(shù)學(xué)課，而不會(huì)碰到任何智力調(diào)整方面的大 麻煩。當(dāng)然，事實(shí)并沒有這么簡(jiǎn)單。

本世紀(jì)認(rèn)知心理學(xué)家的工作已經(jīng)揭示了智力發(fā)展所依 賴的日常學(xué)習(xí)的微妙形式。 他們觀察到孩子們緩慢掌握那些成年人認(rèn)為理所當(dāng)然的概念的

過程，或者是孩子們偶然遇到這些概念的過程。 他們也觀察到孩子們拒絕承認(rèn)某些常識(shí)的 情況。 比如：

孩子們拒絕承認(rèn)當(dāng)水從短而粗的瓶中倒入細(xì)而長的瓶子中時(shí)，水的數(shù)量沒有 變化。 心理學(xué)家們而后又展示一個(gè)例子，

即：讓孩子們數(shù)一堆鉛筆時(shí)，他們能順利地報(bào)出 藍(lán)鉛筆或紅鉛筆的數(shù)目，但卻需誘導(dǎo)才能報(bào)出總的數(shù)目。 此類研究表明：數(shù)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)是經(jīng)過 逐漸努力后掌握的。

他們還表示抽象的數(shù)字概念，如可表示任何一類物品并且是在做比擺 桌子有更高數(shù)學(xué)要求的任何事時(shí)都必備的一、二、三意識(shí)，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不是天生就具備的。

英漢互譯短文篇二：中英文對(duì)照小短文

Cells and Temperature 細(xì)胞與溫度

Cells cannot remain alive outside certain limits of temperature and much narrower limits mark the boundaries of effective functioning. Enzyme systems of mammals and birds are most efficient only within a narrow range around 37C;a departure of a few degrees from this value seriously impairs their functioning. Even though cells can survive wider fluctuations the integrated actions of bodily systems are impaired. Other animals have a wider tolerance for changes of bodily temperature.

For centuries it has been recognized that mammals and birds differ from other animals in the way they regulate body temperature. Ways of characterizing the difference have become more accurate and meaningful over time, but popular terminology still reflects the old division into “warm-blooded” and “cold-blooded” species; warm-blooded included mammals and birds whereas all other creatures were considered cold-blooded. As more species were studied, it became evident that this classification was inadequate. A fence lizard or a desert iguana—each cold-blooded----usually has a body temperature only a degree or two below that of humans and so is not cold. Therefore the next distinction was made between animals that maintain a constant body temperature, called home0therms, and those whose body temperature varies with their environments, called poikilotherms. But this classification also proved inadequate, because among mammals there are many that vary their body temperatures during hibernation. Furthermore, many invertebrates that live in the depths of the ocean never experience change in the depths of the ocean never experience change in the chill of the deep water, and their body temperatures remain constant.

細(xì)胞只能在一定的溫度范圍內(nèi)存活，而進(jìn)一步保證它們有效工作的溫度范圍就更小了。哺乳動(dòng)物和鳥類的酶系統(tǒng)只能在37℃左右的很小范圍內(nèi)才能有效工作。與此 相差僅幾度的溫度都會(huì)大大削弱它們的工作效率。盡管溫度變化更大時(shí)細(xì)胞仍能存活，但機(jī)體系統(tǒng)的整體運(yùn)行能力卻被削弱了。其它動(dòng)物對(duì)體溫的變化有更強(qiáng)的適應(yīng) 性。

幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來，人們就認(rèn)識(shí)到哺乳動(dòng)物和鳥類調(diào)節(jié)體溫的方式與其它動(dòng)物不同。隨著時(shí)間的推移，人們對(duì)這種差異的描述越來越精確和有意義，但是"暖血?jiǎng)游?quot; 和"冷血?jiǎng)游?quot;這一古老的分類方式至今仍在大眾詞匯中有所反映。暖血?jiǎng)游锇�括哺乳�?dòng)物和鳥類，其它動(dòng)物統(tǒng)統(tǒng)被視為冷血?jiǎng)游�。但是�?duì)更多物種進(jìn)行的研究表明 這種分類顯然是不適當(dāng)?shù)摹Ｃ乐抟环N小型蜥蜴和沙漠鬣蜥同屬冷血?jiǎng)游�，但�?shí)際上它們的體溫通常只比人類的體溫低1～2度，因此并不是真正的冷血。因此又出現(xiàn) 了恒溫動(dòng)物(即保持恒定體溫的動(dòng)物)和變溫動(dòng)物(即體溫隨外界環(huán)境的變化而改變的動(dòng)物)這一區(qū)分方式。但這種分類也不恰當(dāng)。因?yàn)橛胁簧俨溉閯?dòng)物在冬眠期間 會(huì)改變體溫，而許多生活在深海的無脊椎動(dòng)物在寒冷的深海水域中體溫并不變化，而是恒定的。

Modern American Universities 現(xiàn)代美國大學(xué)

Before the 1850’s, the United States had a number of small colleges, most of them dating from colonial days. They were small, church connected institutions whose primary concern was to shape the moral character of their students.

Throughout Europe, institutions of higher learning had developed, bearing the ancient name of university. In German university was concerned primarily with creating and spreading knowledge, not morals. Between mid-century and the end of the 1800’s, more than nine thousand young Americans, dissatisfied with their training at home, went to Germany for advanced study. Some of them return to become presidents of venerable colleges-----Harvard, Yale, Columbia---and transform them into modern universities. The new presidents broke all ties with the churches and brought in a new kind of faculty. Professors were hired for their knowledge of a subject, not because they were of the proper faith and had a strong arm for disciplining students. The new principle was that a university was to create knowledge as well as pass it on, and this called for a faculty composed of teacher-scholars. Drilling and learning by rote were replaced by the German method of lecturing, in which the professor’s own research was presented in class. Graduate training leading to the Ph.D., an ancient German degree signifying the highest level of advanced scholarly attainment, was introduced. With the establishment of the seminar system, graduate student learned to question, analyze, and conduct their own research.

At the same time, the new university greatly expanded in size and course offerings, breaking completely out of the old, constricted curriculum of mathematics, classics, rhetoric, and music. The president of Harvard pioneered the elective system, by which students were able to choose their own course of study. The notion of major fields of study emerged. The new goal was to make the university relevant to the real pursuits of the world. Paying close heed to the practical needs of society, the new universities trained men and women to work at its tasks, with engineering students being the most characteristic of the new regime. Students were also trained as economists, architects, agriculturalists, social welfare workers, and teachers.

19世紀(jì)50年代以前美國有一些小的學(xué)院，大多數(shù)成立于殖民時(shí)期。它們是與教會(huì)掛鉤的小機(jī)構(gòu)，主要目的是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的道德品行。

當(dāng)時(shí)在歐洲各地，高等教育機(jī)構(gòu)已經(jīng)發(fā)展起來，用的是一個(gè)古老的名稱--大學(xué)。德國已經(jīng)發(fā)展出一種不同類型的大學(xué)。德國大學(xué)關(guān)心的主要是創(chuàng)造知識(shí)和傳播知 識(shí)，而不是道德教育。從世紀(jì)中葉到世紀(jì)末，有9000多名美國青年因不滿國內(nèi)所受的教育而赴德深造。他們中的一些人回國后成為一些知名學(xué)府--哈佛、耶 魯、哥倫比亞的校長并且把這些學(xué)府轉(zhuǎn)變成了現(xiàn)代意義的大學(xué)。新校長們斷絕了和教會(huì)的關(guān)系，聘請(qǐng)了新型的教職員，聘用教授根據(jù)的是他們?cè)趯W(xué)科方面的知識(shí)，而 不是正確的信仰和約束學(xué)生的強(qiáng)硬手段。新的原則是大學(xué)既要傳播知識(shí)也要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造知識(shí)。這就需要由學(xué)者型老師組成教工隊(duì)伍�？克烙浻脖澈妥鼍毩�(xí)來學(xué)習(xí)的方法變?yōu)?德國式的講解方法。德國式的講解就是由教授講授自己的研究課題。通過研究生性質(zhì)的學(xué)習(xí)可以獲得表明最高學(xué)術(shù)造詣的古老的德國學(xué)位--博士學(xué)

位。隨著討論課 制度的建立，研究生們學(xué)會(huì)了提問、分析以及開展他們自己的研究。

同時(shí)，新式大學(xué)學(xué)校規(guī)模和課程設(shè)置完全突破了過去那種只有數(shù)學(xué)、經(jīng)典著作、美學(xué)和音樂的狹窄課程表。哈佛大學(xué)的校長率先推出選課制度，這樣學(xué)生們就能選擇 自己的專業(yè)。主修領(lǐng)域的概念也出現(xiàn)了。新的目標(biāo)是使大學(xué)對(duì)實(shí)際社會(huì)更有用。密切關(guān)注著社會(huì)上的實(shí)際需求，新的大學(xué)著意培養(yǎng)學(xué)生解決問題的能力。工程系學(xué)生 成為新式教育體制下最典型的學(xué)生。學(xué)生們還被培訓(xùn)成為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家、建筑師、農(nóng)學(xué)家、社會(huì)工作人員以及教師。

細(xì)菌

Bacteria are extremely small living things. While we measure our own sizes in inches or centimeters, bacterial size is measured in microns. One micron is a thousandth of a millimeter: a pinhead is about a millimeter across. Rod-shaped bacteria are usually from two to four microns long, while rounded ones are generally one micron in diameter. Thus if you enlarged a rounded bacterium a thousand times, it would be just about the size of a pinhead. An adult human magnified by the same amount would be over a mile(1.6 kilometer) tall.

Even with an ordinary microscope, you must look closely to see bacteria. Using a magnification of 100 times, one finds that bacteria are barely visible as tiny rods or dots. One cannot make out anything of their structure. Using special stains, one can see that some bacteria have attached to them wavy-looking “hairs” called flagella. Others have only one flagellum. The flagella rotate, pushing the bacteria through the water. Many bacteria lack flagella and cannot move about by their own power, while others can glide along over surfaces by some little-understood mechanism.

From the bacteria point of view, the world is a very different place from what it is to humans. To a bacterium water is as thick as molasses is to us. Bacteria are so small that they are influenced by the movements of the chemical molecules around them. Bacteria under the microscope, even those with no flagella, often bounce about in the water. This is because they collide with the watery molecules and are pushed this way and that. Molecules move so rapidly that within a tenth of a second the molecules around a bacteria have all been replaced by new ones; even bacteria without flagella are thus constantly exposed to a changing environment.

細(xì)菌是極其微小的生物體。我們用英寸或厘米來測(cè)量自己的大小，而測(cè)量細(xì)菌卻要用微米。一微米等于千分之一毫米。針頭直徑大約一毫米。

棒狀細(xì)菌通常有2～4微米長，而圓形細(xì)菌的直徑一般只有1微米。因此，即使你把一個(gè)圓形細(xì)菌放大1000倍，它也不過一個(gè)針頭那么大。

可是如果把一個(gè)成年人放大1000倍，就會(huì)變成1英里(或1.6公里)多高。

用一般的顯微鏡觀察細(xì)菌時(shí)，你必須仔細(xì)觀察才能看見它們。使用100倍的顯微鏡時(shí)，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)細(xì)菌不過是隱約可見的小細(xì)棒或小點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，而它們的結(jié)構(gòu)你卻根本

看不出來。使

用特殊的著色劑后，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)有的細(xì)菌上長著不少波狀的"毛發(fā)"即鞭毛，而有的細(xì)菌只有一根鞭毛。鞭毛的旋轉(zhuǎn)可以推動(dòng)細(xì)菌在水中行進(jìn)。不少細(xì)菌沒有鞭毛，因而不能自己行進(jìn)。還有些細(xì)菌卻能通過某些鮮為人知的機(jī)制沿物體表面滑動(dòng)。

我們所熟知的世界在細(xì)菌眼中完全是另一個(gè)樣子。對(duì)于細(xì)菌來說，水就同糖漿之于人類一樣稠密。細(xì)菌是如此的微小，周圍化學(xué)分子的一舉一動(dòng)都會(huì)對(duì)它們產(chǎn)生影 響。在顯微鏡下，細(xì)菌，甚至包括那些沒有鞭毛的細(xì)菌，經(jīng)常在水中跳來跳去。這是因?yàn)樗鼈兣c水分子相撞后，被彈向各個(gè)方向。分子移動(dòng)很迅速，僅0.1秒之 隔，一個(gè)細(xì)菌周圍的分子就會(huì)完全更新。因此，即使是沒有鞭毛的細(xì)菌也暴露在一個(gè)不斷變化的環(huán)境中。

人類的視覺

Human vision like that of other primates has evolved in an arboreal environment. In the dense complex world of a tropical forest, it is more important to see well than to develop an acute sense of smell. In the course of evolution members of the primate line have acquired large eyes while the snout has shrunk to give the eye an unimpeded view. Of mammals only humans and some primates enjoy color vision. The red flag is black to the bull. Horses live in a monochrome world .light visible to human eyes however occupies only a very narrow band in the whole electromagnetic spectrum. Ultraviolet rays are invisible to humans though ants and honeybees are sensitive to them. Humans though ants and honeybees are sensitive to them. Humans have no direct perception of infrared rays unlike the rattlesnake which has receptors tuned into wavelengths longer than 0.7 micron. The world would look eerily different if human eyes were sensitive to infrared radiation. Then instead of the darkness of night, we would be able to move easily in a strange shadowless world where objects glowed with varying degrees of intensity. But human eyes excel in other ways. They are in fact remarkably discerning in color gradation. The color sensitivity of normal human vision is rarely surpassed even by sophisticated technical devices.

人類的視覺，和其它靈長目動(dòng)物的一樣，是在叢林環(huán)境中進(jìn)化出來的。在稠密、復(fù)雜的熱帶叢林里，好的視覺比靈敏的嗅覺更加重要。在進(jìn)化過程中，靈長目動(dòng)物的 眼睛變大，同時(shí)鼻子變小以使視野不受阻礙。在哺乳類動(dòng)物中，只有人和一些靈長目動(dòng)物能夠分辨顏色。紅旗在公�？磥硎呛谏�的，馬則生活在一個(gè)單色的世界里。 然而，人眼可見的光在整個(gè)光譜中只占一個(gè)非常狹窄的頻段。人是看不到紫外線的，盡管螞蟻和蜜蜂可以感覺到。與響尾蛇不同，人也不能直接感受到紅外線。響尾 蛇的感覺器可以感受波長超過0.7微米的光線。如果人能感受到紅外線的話，這世界看上去將十分不同，而且恐怖。到那時(shí)，將與夜的黑暗相反，我們能輕易地在 一個(gè)奇異的沒有陰影的世界里走動(dòng)。任何物體都強(qiáng)弱不等地閃著光。然而，人眼在其它方面有優(yōu)越之處。事實(shí)上，人眼對(duì)顏色梯度具有非凡的分辨能力。普通人類的 視覺感受色彩的靈敏程度，甚至連精密的技術(shù)裝備都很難超越。

民間文化

A folk culture is a small isolated, cohesive, conservative, nearly self-sufficient group that is homogeneous in custom and race with a strong family or clan structure and highly developed rituals. Order is maintained through sanctions based in the religion or family and interpersonal relationships are strong. Tradition is paramount, and change comes infrequently and slowly. There is relatively little division of labor into specialized duties. Rather, each person is expected to perform a great variety of tasks, though duties may differ between the sexes. Most goods are handmade and subsistence economy prevails. Individualism is weakly developed in folk cultures as are social classes. Unaltered folk cultures no longer exist in industrialized countries such as the United States and Canada. Perhaps the nearest modern equivalent in Anglo America is the Amish, a German American farming sect that largely renounces the products and labor saving devices of the industrial age. In Amish areas, horse drawn buggies still serve as a local transportation device and the faithful are not permitted to own automobiles. The Amish’s central religious concept of Demut “humility”, clearly reflects the weakness of individualism and social class so typical of folk cultures and there is a corresponding strength of Amish group identity. Rarely do the Amish marry outside their sect. The religion, a variety of the Mennonite faith, provides the principal mechanism for maintaining order.

By contrast a popular culture is a large heterogeneous group often highly individualistic and a pronounced many specialized professions. Secular institutions of control such as the police and army take the place of religion and family in maintaining order, and a money-based economy prevails. Because of these contrasts, “popular” may be viewed as clearly different from “folk”. The popular is replacing the folk in industrialized countries and in many developing nations. Folk-made objects give way to their popular equivalent, usually because the popular item is more quickly or cheaply produced, is easier or time saving to use or leads more prestige to the owner.

民間文化是小型的、孤立的、緊密的、保守的、近乎自給自足的群體，具有同樣的習(xí)俗、同樣的人種和強(qiáng)有力的家庭或部族結(jié)構(gòu)以及高度發(fā)展的宗教儀式。 秩序由宗教或家庭的約束來維持，成員間的關(guān)系非常緊密，傳統(tǒng)至高無上，很少有變動(dòng)且變動(dòng)緩慢。勞動(dòng)專業(yè)分工相對(duì)較少。每個(gè)人都要做各類活計(jì)，盡管男女兩性 分工不同。絕大多數(shù)物品是手工制造的，經(jīng)濟(jì)一般為自給自足型。個(gè)人主義和社會(huì)階層在民間文化群體中的發(fā)展十分薄弱。在象美國和加拿大這樣的工業(yè)化國家里， 一成不變的民間文化群體已不復(fù)存在了。在當(dāng)代美洲的英語區(qū)，與民間文化最相似的群體也許算是Amish。Amish是美國的德裔農(nóng)耕部落，他們基本上拒絕 接受工業(yè)時(shí)代的大多數(shù)產(chǎn)品和節(jié)省勞力的設(shè)施。在Amish地區(qū)，輕便馬車仍是當(dāng)?shù)氐慕煌üぞ�，信徒們不允許擁有汽車。Amish宗教中的核心觀念 Demut即謙卑典型地反映了在民間文化群中個(gè)人主義和階級(jí)的不發(fā)達(dá)。而與此同時(shí)，Amish對(duì)群體的認(rèn)同性卻十分強(qiáng)。Amish人很少和他們宗派以外的 人通婚。其宗教，作為Mennonite信仰的一種，提供了維護(hù)秩序的主要機(jī)制。相反，大眾文化是包含不同種族的大群體，通常高度個(gè)性化而且不斷在變化。 人際關(guān)系冷漠，勞動(dòng)分工明確，由此產(chǎn)生了許多專門的職業(yè)。世俗的控制機(jī)構(gòu)，比如警察和軍隊(duì)，取代了宗教和家庭來維持秩序，而且實(shí)行的是貨幣經(jīng)濟(jì)。

英漢互譯短文篇三：中英文對(duì)照閱讀12篇

中英文對(duì)照閱讀12篇

P82 (1)

Life is not easy, so I’d like to say, ”When anything happens, believe in yourself.”

When I was 14, I was too nervous to talk to anyone. My classmates often

laughed at me. I was sad but could do nothing. Later, something happened. It changed my life. It was an English speech contest. My mother asked me to take part in it. What a wonderful idea! It meant I had to speak in front of all the teachers and students of my

school.

“Come on, boy. Believe in yourself. You are sure to win.” Then, Mother and I talked about many different topics. At last I chose the topic “Believe in yourself”, I tried my best to remember all the speech and practiced it over 100 times. With my mother’s great love, I did well in the contest. I could not believe my ears when the news came that I had won the first place. I heard the cheers from the teachers and students and those classmates who once looked down upon me, now all said “Congratulations!” to

me. My mother hugged me and cried excitedly.

Since then everything has changed for me. When I do anything, I will find

myself. This is true not only for a person but also for a country.

生活是不容易的，所以我想說，“無論發(fā)生什么事，相信自己�！�

當(dāng)我14歲時(shí)，我與任何人說話都很緊張。我的同學(xué)經(jīng)常嘲笑我。我除了傷心還是傷心。后來，發(fā)生了一些事。它改變了我的生活。這是一個(gè)英語演講比賽。媽媽鼓勵(lì)我去參加。多么

美妙的主意！這意味著我不得不在我校所有的老師和學(xué)生面前開口說話。

“來吧，孩子。相信自己。您肯定會(huì)贏。”于是，我和母親討論了很多不同的主題。最后我選擇的題目是“相信自己”，我盡全力記住所有的演講內(nèi)容，操練了100次以上。在偉大母愛的支持下，我在比賽中表現(xiàn)出色。當(dāng)消息傳來，我簡(jiǎn)直不敢相信自己的耳朵，我贏得了第一名。我聽到了來自老師和同學(xué)，包括那些曾經(jīng)看低我的同學(xué)的歡呼聲，現(xiàn)在所有人對(duì)我說：

“祝賀！”。我母親擁抱著我，熱淚盈眶。

從那時(shí)起，對(duì)我而言一切都改變了。當(dāng)我做任何事，我都有自信心。這是真的，不僅適

用于個(gè)人，也是適用于一個(gè)國家。

P83 (2)

Dear Editor(編輯):

I am not a good-looking boy and I’m not good at studying, either. Some people don’t even want to talk to me. So I usually feel lonely. Sometimes I think that if I wanted to leave home, nobody would care. How can I stop feeling like this?

Peter

Dear Peter,

Without knowing more about you, it is hard for me to give you some good

advice.

But first, I am sure that you are wrong that nobody would care if you left home. What about your parents? And other family members? It seems that you are very sad. You’d better go to see a doctor or talk to your parents. They will be able to help you.

Secondly, I’m sure there’s someone in your class who feels lonely, too. You

never know how other people feel inside. Try to make friends with them.

Or you may join a club to meet new people and to keep yourself busy. You need to find happiness in yourself. Write a list of all the good things about yourself, learn to

like yourself, and them others will see your confidence and like you, too.

Editor

親愛的編輯：

我是一個(gè)不帥的男孩，我也不善長于學(xué)習(xí)。有些人甚至不愿意和我說話。所以，我常常感到孤獨(dú)。有時(shí)候我想，如果我離家出走，沒有人會(huì)覺察到。我如何才能擺脫這種感覺呢？

彼得

親愛的彼得，

由于對(duì)你了解不多，我很難給你一些好的建議。

但首先，我相信你有錯(cuò)誤，那就是如果你離家出走沒有人會(huì)覺察。你的父母會(huì)怎么樣？其他家庭成員呢？看來你很可悲。你最好去看醫(yī)生或者與你的父母談一談。他們一定能幫你。

第二，我敢肯定你的班上也有感到孤獨(dú)的。你永遠(yuǎn)不了解其他人內(nèi)心的感受。嘗試跟他

們交朋友。

或者你可以加入一個(gè)俱樂部，結(jié)識(shí)新朋友，或者你可以使自己忙忙碌碌的。你需要自己去找尋快樂。寫一份關(guān)于自己的所有喜好的列表，學(xué)會(huì)喜歡自己，別人將看到你的自信狀態(tài)，

也將喜歡你。

編輯

P84 (3)

Have you ever been ill? When you are ill, you must be unhappy because your body becomes hot, and there are pains (疼痛) all over your body. You don’t want to

work; you stay in bed, feeling very sad.

What makes us ill? It is germs (細(xì)菌).

Germs are everywhere. They are very small and you can’t find them with your eyes, but you can see them with a microscope (顯微鏡). They are very, very small and

there could be hundreds of them on a very small thing.

Germs are always found in dirty water. When we look at dirty water under the microscope, we shall see them in it. So your father and mother will not let you drink

dirty water.

Germs aren’t found only in water. They are found in air and dust. If you cut your finger, and if some of the dust from the floor goes into the cut, some of the germs would go into your finger. Your finger would become big and red, and you will have much pain in it. Sometimes the germs would go into all of your body, and you would have

pain everywhere.

你生過病嗎？當(dāng)你生病時(shí)，你一定會(huì)因?yàn)槟愕纳眢w在發(fā)熱而不舒服，同時(shí)周身疼痛。你

不想去工作，你躺在床上，感覺很難受。

是什么導(dǎo)致我們生病的？是病菌。

細(xì)菌無處不在。它們非常小的，你用肉眼看不到，但你可以使用顯微鏡找到它們。它們

非常，非常小，在一個(gè)極小的東西上，可能有上百個(gè)。

細(xì)菌總是在臟水里發(fā)現(xiàn)。當(dāng)我們?cè)陲@微鏡下觀察臟水，我們會(huì)看到它們。所以，你的父

母不允許你喝臟水。

細(xì)菌不僅僅在水里發(fā)現(xiàn)，在空氣中，在灰塵里也被發(fā)現(xiàn)。如果你劃破了手指，如果一些來自地面的灰塵進(jìn)入傷口，一些細(xì)菌將會(huì)進(jìn)入你的手指。你的手指將變得又紅又腫，你將感到

那里很痛。有時(shí)候，細(xì)菌會(huì)進(jìn)入你的全身，你會(huì)感到疼痛無處不在。

P85 (4)

During the day we work and play, at night we sleep. Our body rests while we sleep. In the morning we are ready to work and play again. Our body grows most while we are asleep. Children who are tired usually need more sleep. We can get at our lessons better, after we have had plenty of rest. Boys and girls who are eight or nine years old need ten hours of sleep every night. Our body needs plenty of air when we sleep. If we do not get enough fresh air, we will feel tired when we wake up. While in bed we must not cover our heads. Our lungs(肺) need to get enough fresh air. If we open our window at night, we can have plenty of fresh air. Cool air is better than warm air. Boys and girls who

want to be strong must get plenty of fresh air.

白天我們工作和娛樂，晚上我們睡覺。我們?cè)谒�覺的同時(shí)，我們的肌體在休整。到了早晨，我們又準(zhǔn)備去工作和娛樂了。肌體主要在我們睡眠狀態(tài)下生長。疲倦的孩子通常需要更多的睡眠。在我們有了充足的休息之后，我們能提高學(xué)習(xí)效率。八，九歲的男孩和女孩們需要每天晚上睡10小時(shí)。我們睡覺時(shí)，肌體需要大量的空氣。如果我們沒有得到足夠的新鮮空氣，醒來時(shí)，我們會(huì)感到疲倦。在床上我們不能蒙住頭睡。我們的肺需要得到足夠的新鮮空氣。如果我們?cè)谝归g開著窗戶，我們可以得到大量新鮮空氣。涼爽的空氣比溫?zé)岬目諝庥幸妗Ｏ胍�健�?/p>

的男孩和女孩們必須得到大量的新鮮空氣。

P86 (5)

Hi, dear boys and girls! Do you know how to be a healthy kid? Here are some

rules you should follow.

First, eat different foods, especially fruit and vegetables. You may have a

favourite food, but you had better ear something different. If you eat different foods,

you will probably get more nutrients your body needs.

Second, drink water and milk as often as possible. When you’re really thirsty,

cold water is the No.1 choice. Milk is a great drink that can give you more calcium your

body needs to grow strong bones.

Third, listen to your body. When you are eating, notice how your body feels and when you stomach feels comfortably full. Eating too much will not make you feel

comfortable and make you fat.

Fourth, limit screen time. Screen time is the time you watch TV, DVDs and

videos, or using computers. It is good to take more exercise such as basketball, bike

riding and swimming. You can’t watch TV for more than two hours a day.

Fifth, be active. One thing you’d like to do as a kid i to find out which activity

you like best. Find ways to be active every day.

Follow these rules and you can be a healthy kid.

嗨，親愛的男孩和女孩！你知道怎樣做一個(gè)健康的孩子嗎？下面是一些你應(yīng)該遵循的規(guī)

則。

第一，要吃不同的食物，特別是蔬菜和水果。你可能有自己很喜愛的食物，但是你最好吃不同的食物。如果你吃不同的食物，你可能會(huì)得到更多你身體所需的營養(yǎng)。

其次，要盡可能地常喝的牛奶和水。當(dāng)你真的渴了，涼水是第一選擇。牛奶是一種有益

的飲料，可以給你提供更多肌體所需的鈣質(zhì)促進(jìn)骨骼強(qiáng)健生長。

第三，要聽從你的身體。當(dāng)你吃飯時(shí)，請(qǐng)注意你的身體感覺如何，請(qǐng)注意你的胃感到飽

適的時(shí)候。吃得太多會(huì)讓你感到不舒服，并且會(huì)使你發(fā)胖。

第四，要限制屏幕時(shí)間。屏幕時(shí)間是指你看電視，DVD和視頻，或使用電腦的時(shí)候。最好是進(jìn)行體鍛活動(dòng)，例如打籃球，騎自行車和游泳。你每天看電視不可以超過兩小時(shí)。 第五，要積極向上。有一件事情希望你做一做，就是找到你作為一個(gè)孩子最喜歡的活動(dòng)。

要想辦法每天充滿活力。

遵循這些規(guī)則，你可以成為一個(gè)健康的孩子。

P87 (6)

Every year, over40，000 secondary students in Britain run a business. “Each business runs for one year,” said Ben, one of the group of students visiting Shanghai. “When we started our business, we borrowed money from parents and friends. At the end of the year, these people will receive some of the profits.” I asked Ben whether running a business was difficult. He said that it was no problem. He said that they

always received a lot of advice from teachers and business people.

Another member of the group, Regina, told me the four questions they always

asked themselves. The questions are:

1. What do people want to buy?

2. Where is a good place to sell our product?

3. How is our product better than other products?

4. How much is our product?

I was also very much interested in how the group was organized. Regina said that there were usually about five to seven students in each business and among them are one manager and one accountant. I asked them who was the manager. “I am, of course,” said Regina. “It was my idea to produce picture books,” she said. “Other groups in our school sell things like T-shirts, videos and computer games,” said Ben.

“How much money do the businesses usually make?” I asked. “Some businesses make $20,000-$30,000, but most groups make a small profit of about $1,000-3,000,” said Regina. I asked them what they did with the profits. “We can do what we like with the profits.” However, Regina told me that it was important not to waste the money. She

always told the other groups to give the money to charity.

Most students enjoy running a business and all the students said that they had

learnt a lot.

每年，有超過40，000名的英國中學(xué)生經(jīng)營一項(xiàng)生意。 “每一個(gè)生意運(yùn)行一年，”一位訪問上海的學(xué)生團(tuán)隊(duì)成員Ben如是說， “當(dāng)我們開始業(yè)務(wù)之初，我們向父母和朋友借了錢。截至年底，他們將獲得一些紅利。 “我問Ben 經(jīng)營一項(xiàng)生意是否是困難的。他說這是沒有問題的。

他說他們總是得到許多來自老師和商界人士提供的建議。

另一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)成員Regina，向我介紹了他們總是問自己的四個(gè)問題。這些問題是：

1。什么東西是人想購買的？

2。哪里是銷售我們產(chǎn)品的好地方？

3。怎樣使我們的產(chǎn)品優(yōu)于其他產(chǎn)品？

4。我們的產(chǎn)品標(biāo)價(jià)多少？

我也對(duì)團(tuán)隊(duì)是如何運(yùn)作的十分感興趣。Regina說，每個(gè)業(yè)務(wù)通常約有5至7名學(xué)生，其中有一位經(jīng)理和一名會(huì)計(jì)師。我問他們誰當(dāng)經(jīng)理呢。Regina說： “當(dāng)然是我咯”她說，“這是我的創(chuàng)意去生產(chǎn)圖畫書的”。 Ben說， “我們學(xué)校的其他團(tuán)隊(duì)銷售的東西有如T恤，錄像和電

腦游戲�！�

我問：“所做的生意通常能盈利多少呢？“ Regina回答：“有些生意盈利$20,000 - $ 30,000，但大多數(shù)團(tuán)隊(duì)賺取約$1,000-3,000小利潤�！� 我問他們用這些利潤做些什么事情。 “我們可以用這些利潤做我們喜歡的事情。 “不過，Regina告訴我說，重要的是不要浪費(fèi)金錢。

她一直號(hào)召其他團(tuán)隊(duì)一起把錢捐入慈善機(jī)構(gòu)。

大多數(shù)學(xué)生樂于經(jīng)營一項(xiàng)生意，并且所有的學(xué)生都說他們學(xué)到了很多東西。

P89 (7)

Bev could not to do her work. She felt too tired. She put down her book, yawned and felt better. Bev looked up. Had the teacher seen her? To her surprise, the teacher was yawning, too. He took a long breath and opened his mouth wide. He closed his eyes

a bit and let out his breath in a big, slow yawn. Then

Bev heard other yawns.

The teacher said, ”Bev, yawned because our doors and windows are closed. And the room is warm. Her body needed more air. Maybe she yawned because she was tired. Maybe she was hungry. Or she just needed to move a bit. Do you feel better now, Bev?”

he asked.

“Yes,” said asked.

“Yawns wake us up,” the teacher said. “When you yawn you stretch many parts of

your body. That stretching makes you feel good.”

There were more yawns.

“People do not know why they yawn,” the teacher went on. “But if you see a yawn, hear one, or even read about one, you may yawn, too. And if your yawn starts, you can’t

stop it. You may close mouth to stop it. But the yawn will still come.”

The teacher stood up and said, “Let’s open the window and water on your face

helps to stop yawns. Bev may go first. ”

How do you feel now after you have read this story? Did you yawn? Watch a

friend read this. See if your friend starts to yawn. If you see a yawn, you will know

why.

貝弗不能再工作了。她覺得太累了。她放下書本，打了個(gè)哈欠，感覺好多了。貝弗抬起頭來。老師看到了她這樣子嗎？令她驚訝的是，老師也正打著呵欠。他吸了很長一口氣，張大了嘴巴。他微微閉上了眼睛，讓他的吸氣釋放在一個(gè)又大又慢的哈欠里。接著，貝弗聽到了其他

的哈欠聲。

老師說，“貝弗，打哈欠是因?yàn)槲覀兊拈T和窗戶都關(guān)著。整個(gè)房間暖暖的。而身體需要更多的空氣。也許因?yàn)樗�累了她打哈欠。也許因?yàn)樗�餓了她打哈欠。或者她只是需要?jiǎng)右幌��！八?/p>

問道: “貝弗,現(xiàn)在你感覺好些了？“

“是的，”貝弗回答。

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