河南寶豐煙區(qū)生態(tài)因素與煙葉質(zhì)量特點(diǎn)?
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-08-24 來源: 短文摘抄 點(diǎn)擊:
摘要分析河南寶豐煙區(qū)的植煙基本條件、氣候因素、土壤養(yǎng)分狀況以及所產(chǎn)煙葉的質(zhì)量特點(diǎn)。結(jié)果表明:寶豐煙區(qū)無霜期為204~248 d,>10 ℃積溫為4 681.3~5 247.5 ℃,日平均氣溫≥20 ℃的適宜氣溫持續(xù)時(shí)間為122~152 d;大田期光照充足,降水基本能夠滿足烤煙生長需要。植煙土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)和速效氮含量較高,速效磷和速效鉀含量適中,土壤含氯量低,為烤煙適宜或最適宜生長類型區(qū)。煙葉各化學(xué)成分含量適宜,組成比例協(xié)調(diào),但協(xié)調(diào)性與津巴布韋煙葉相比尚有差距。
關(guān)鍵詞煙葉質(zhì)量;氣候因素;土壤因素;寶豐煙區(qū)
中圖分類號S572文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼A文章編號0517-6611(2014)28-09720-02
Analysis of Ecological Factors and Quality of Fluecured Tobacco Leaves in Baofeng Tobaccogrowing Area of Henan Province
SONG Ruifang1, WANG Guozheng1, LI Shupo1, XU Guanghui2* et al
。1. Baofeng Branch of Pingdingshan Tobacco Company of Henan Province, Baofeng, Henan 467400; 2. Pingding Branch of Henan Tobacco Company, Pingdingshan, Henan 467000)
AbstractThe basic conditions, climatic factors, soil nutrients and quality of fluecured tobacco leaves in Baofeng tobaccogrowing area were analyzed.The number of frostfree period was 204-248 days, the accumulated temperature above 10℃ was 4 681.3-5 247.5 ℃, the number of days with an average daily temperature above 20 ℃ was about 122-152 d in Baofeng tobaccogrowing areas where there was sufficient sunlight and plentiful rainfall satisfying the climate requirements necessary for the growth and development of high quality fluecured tobacco. The characteristics of soil nutrient contents in tobacco fields were analyzed, the content of organic substance and available nitrogen were high, the contents of available phosphorus and potassium were suitable and the content of chorine was low. Tobacco leaves of Baofeng had reasonable chemical component and chemical compositions were apt. However, the coordination of the chemical composition in tobacco leaves was inferior to the high quality Zimbabwe tobacco.
Key wordsTobacco leaves quality; Climatic factor; Soil factor; Baofeng tobaccogrowing area
寶豐縣地處33°47′~34°02′ N、112°43′~113°18′ E,位于河南省中西部外方山東麓,北依汝河,南鄰沙河,屬暖溫帶大陸性氣候,無霜期長,光熱資源豐富,土壤類型屬南方黃紅土壤向北方的褐土過渡地帶,適宜植煙的土壤面積較大,是豫中優(yōu)質(zhì)濃香型烤煙產(chǎn)區(qū)之一。影響煙葉質(zhì)量形成的因素除品種和栽培調(diào)制技術(shù)外,生態(tài)因素是煙葉品質(zhì)特點(diǎn)和風(fēng)格特色形成的基礎(chǔ)條件,其中氣候因素是造就優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉特點(diǎn)的主要生態(tài)學(xué)外因[1-3]。除孔銀亮等分析了平頂山煙區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)氣候特點(diǎn)、植煙土壤養(yǎng)分含量、烤煙化學(xué)質(zhì)量及吸食質(zhì)量外[4-7],還未見單獨(dú)對寶豐煙區(qū)氣候、土壤因素及對其煙葉外觀進(jìn)行綜合分析的研究。為此,筆者從直接影響烤煙生長發(fā)育和產(chǎn)質(zhì)量表現(xiàn)的氣候因素及土壤養(yǎng)分含量入手,對該地區(qū)的煙葉質(zhì)量特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了分析,旨在為寶豐煙區(qū)發(fā)揮生態(tài)優(yōu)勢生產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)烤煙及合理進(jìn)行種植區(qū)劃提供理論依據(jù)。
1材料與方法
1.1數(shù)據(jù)調(diào)查和樣品采集
1.1.1氣象數(shù)據(jù)。2001~2010年氣象資料由河南省寶豐縣氣象局提供。
1.1.2土壤樣品。2009~2010年,在寶豐煙區(qū)11個(gè)植煙鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)采集土壤樣品64個(gè)。土壤采集在煙草尚未施用底肥和移栽之前進(jìn)行,采樣時(shí)注意避開雨季。采樣時(shí)取0~20 cm 耕作層土樣,在同一采樣單元內(nèi)每8~10個(gè)點(diǎn)的土樣構(gòu)成1個(gè)混合樣,用四分法棄去多余部分,保留0.5 kg 在室內(nèi)經(jīng)風(fēng)干、磨碎、過篩等前處理制成分析樣。
1.1.3烤后煙樣品。2012年采集烤后煙樣品68個(gè),品種為中煙100,樣品包括X2F、C3F、B2F 3個(gè)等級,其中X2F樣品16個(gè),C3F樣品42個(gè),B2F樣品10個(gè),樣品等級評定按GB2635-92烤煙標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行,等級合格率達(dá)85%以上。每個(gè)樣品取樣2.0 kg用于常規(guī)化學(xué)成分分析。
相關(guān)熱詞搜索:寶豐 煙葉 河南 生態(tài) 因素
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