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攀西地區(qū)煙草節(jié)水灌溉技術(shù)及應(yīng)用效果

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-08-23 來源: 短文摘抄 點(diǎn)擊:


  摘要:為尋求適宜四川省攀西地區(qū)煙草節(jié)水灌溉的技術(shù)與推廣模式,在冕寧縣開展煙草節(jié)水灌溉試驗(yàn),分析對(duì)其煙株農(nóng)藝性狀、煙葉化學(xué)品質(zhì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀及節(jié)水效益的影響。結(jié)果表明,在煙草植株農(nóng)藝性狀方面,滴灌模式優(yōu)于軟管澆灌及交替溝灌模式;煙葉化學(xué)品質(zhì)方面,節(jié)水灌溉可有效增加煙葉總糖和還原糖含量,降低煙葉煙堿含量,有效提升煙葉鉀含量及鉀氯比,滴灌模式表現(xiàn)最優(yōu);經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀及節(jié)水效益方面,滴灌模式對(duì)煙葉的增產(chǎn)、增值效果最明顯,比對(duì)照平均增產(chǎn)38.64%,上等煙比例提升20.9個(gè)百分點(diǎn);在煙葉產(chǎn)值和節(jié)水效益上,滴灌與澆灌模式的效果較明顯。滴灌和軟管澆灌模式對(duì)于煙草品質(zhì)、產(chǎn)量和水分利用效率的提升作用較明顯,其中滴灌模式具有較好的應(yīng)用及推廣價(jià)值,軟管澆灌模式更適合在經(jīng)濟(jì)條件較差的干旱缺水地區(qū)推廣使用。
  關(guān)鍵詞:攀西地區(qū);煙草;節(jié)水灌溉技術(shù);應(yīng)用效果
  中圖分類號(hào): S275;S572 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):0439-8114(2015)03-0587-03
  DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.03.019
  Water-saving Irrigation Technology of Tobacco and Its Application
  in Panzhihua-Xichang Region
  FAN Yi,WANG Jun-qin,BAI Jie
  (Sichuan Provincial Water Conservancy Research Institute, Chengdu 610072, China)
  Abstract: In order to study the suitable water-saving irrigation technology in Panzhihua-Xichang region, the effects of water-saving irrigation of tobacco in Mianning County on the agronomy character,chemical quality and economic characters of tobacco and water-saving benefits were analyzed. The results showed that drip irrigation was better than hose irrigation and alternate furrow irrigation on agronomic traits of tobacco plant. In terms of chemical quality of tobacco, increasing irrigation effectively increased the total sugar and reduced sugar content, alkaloid. Drip irrigation effectively improved the potassium content and ratio of potassium to chlorine. In terms of economic traits and water-saving benefits,the drip irrigation was the most with 38.64% increase of yield and 20.9% increase of the proportion of superior leaves. In the tobacco production and water-saving effects, drip irrigation and hose irrigation effects were obvious. Drip irrigation and hose irrigation had more effect on tobacco quality, yield and water use efficiency. Particularly drip irrigation had a good application and popularization. Hose irrigation mode was more suitable for poor economic conditions in arid regions.
  Key words: Panzhihua-Xichang region;tobacco;water-saving irrigation technology;application effect
  攀西地區(qū)位于四川省西南部,擁有豐富的光、熱資源,獨(dú)特的氣候條件有利于煙草植株干物質(zhì)的合成與積累,是清香型煙葉的生產(chǎn)區(qū),也是國(guó)家優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉的重要生產(chǎn)基地。該地區(qū)地處川西高原及西部滇、川干熱河谷地帶,水資源時(shí)空分布不均,區(qū)域性、季節(jié)性缺水十分明顯,特別是對(duì)于煙草苗期、伸根期和中前期生長(zhǎng)需水要求影響極大。由于缺乏有效的水資源供給量,豐富的光、熱資源得不到充分利用,水資源缺乏已成為制約當(dāng)?shù)責(zé)熑~生產(chǎn)和農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的瓶頸。
  目前,攀西地區(qū)煙草灌溉無論是方法和技術(shù)都比較落后,灌溉方法主要為傳統(tǒng)的溝灌和澆灌[1]。這不僅浪費(fèi)水資源,增加了成本,而且降低了資源利用率,灌溉質(zhì)量較差,也與煙葉生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育和優(yōu)質(zhì)穩(wěn)產(chǎn)的要求不相符,不利于煙葉產(chǎn)質(zhì)潛力的發(fā)揮[2]。同時(shí),各煙區(qū)受自然和經(jīng)濟(jì)條件的限制,是否采用節(jié)水技術(shù)以及采用哪種節(jié)水技術(shù)也需要因地制宜,量力而行[3]。因此,積極發(fā)展煙田節(jié)水灌溉,尋找最適宜的推廣模式是實(shí)現(xiàn)該地區(qū)煙葉優(yōu)質(zhì)、穩(wěn)產(chǎn)、高效的重要條件。有關(guān)該地區(qū)的此項(xiàng)研究鮮見報(bào)道,本試驗(yàn)于2013年在涼山州冕寧縣煙區(qū)進(jìn)行了交替溝灌、軟管澆灌和滴灌3種灌溉技術(shù)模式的試驗(yàn)示范研究,取得了較好的節(jié)水、增產(chǎn)和增效的效果,為節(jié)水灌溉的應(yīng)用提供參考。

相關(guān)熱詞搜索:煙草 節(jié)水灌溉 效果 地區(qū) 技術(shù)

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