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英語(yǔ)短文填空解題技巧

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2017-01-24 來(lái)源: 短文摘抄 點(diǎn)擊:

英語(yǔ)短文填空解題技巧篇一:湖南高考英語(yǔ)短文填空解題技巧及模擬訓(xùn)練

湖南高考完型填空二命題風(fēng)格與解題策略

考綱解讀

“湖南高考說(shuō)明”就完型填空二的措辭是:“本節(jié)要求考生根據(jù)上下文,在每個(gè)空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。短文補(bǔ)足后,要求意思通順、前后連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整。本節(jié)側(cè)重考查考生的語(yǔ)感以及語(yǔ)言的銜接、連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)等語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用的能力!狈治龃舜朕o可以得知:

1.從考查的內(nèi)容看, 除考查詞匯外, 還考查功能語(yǔ)法,即側(cè)重于考查英語(yǔ)詞匯在篇章中的交際功能。從而要求考生具有一定的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力。具體地說(shuō),要求考生具備:

(1)閱讀與理解語(yǔ)篇的能力。

(2)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)的能力。學(xué)生應(yīng)學(xué)會(huì)正確分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),能抓住句子主干的同時(shí),還要能區(qū)分主從句的層次。

(3)熟練運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法的能力。

2.從題型的形式看, 只給出空缺, 沒(méi)有選項(xiàng), 要求學(xué)生根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和自身已有的語(yǔ)法與詞匯知識(shí)來(lái)填空, 這對(duì)學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的提取和運(yùn)用提出了更高的要求。

命題風(fēng)格

完形填空第二節(jié)為語(yǔ)篇填空題,要求閱讀一篇150左右的小短文,根據(jù)上下文在不給出任何提示的前提下填入適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。短文體裁靈活多樣,有記敘文、議論文、說(shuō)明文和應(yīng)用文等。其考查內(nèi)容非常廣泛,主要考查點(diǎn)為:(1)考查學(xué)生對(duì)語(yǔ)篇和邏輯關(guān)系的把握情況,主要是形容詞、副詞、連詞、冠詞、代詞、介詞等功能詞匯;(2)考查學(xué)生對(duì)習(xí)語(yǔ)、短語(yǔ)詞組或常見(jiàn)句式掌握的熟練程度。原文通常只給出習(xí)語(yǔ)、句式或短語(yǔ)的一部分,檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生在句子中能否識(shí)別出這個(gè)短語(yǔ)、句式或習(xí)語(yǔ);(3)考查學(xué)生對(duì)詞義的推斷能力和常識(shí)判斷能力。這方面主要涉及實(shí)詞,如名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等。要求通過(guò)分析上下文語(yǔ)境來(lái)判斷語(yǔ)意和詞匯形式?偟膩(lái)說(shuō),此題考查偏重虛詞(以介詞、冠詞、連詞為主),而輕實(shí)詞。

解題策略

在做完形填空第二節(jié)的時(shí)候, 學(xué)生不但應(yīng)該通篇考慮, 掌握文章的內(nèi)容和主題, 而且還應(yīng)該合理地運(yùn)用已學(xué)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)得出正確的結(jié)論。

具體地說(shuō),解答完形填空二試題的常見(jiàn)技巧如下:

1.數(shù)詞

?first ,second,third或者firstly,secondly,thirdly ?one:此時(shí)一般會(huì)出現(xiàn)another或者the other

?two:此時(shí)一般會(huì)出現(xiàn)both或者neither

1.冠詞 如果該空位于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或“形容詞+ 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”之前,考慮用冠詞(a/an/the)或形容詞性物主代詞。此外,也要掌握一些有關(guān)冠詞的固定搭配。

【典例1】 We must not only use our knowledge and abilities to manage the Earth,

but to make the Earth___55_____ safe and healthy place where all animals and plants—including humans ourselves—can live.

【解析】 該空后形容詞safe和healthy所修飾的place為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,由此判斷此空填冠詞。由語(yǔ)境可知此處表泛指,故填a。(2010年湖南省高考英語(yǔ)考綱樣題)

【典例2】A dog is his best friend for 54 child when he has no friends to play with.

【解析】 該空為位于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞child前,由此判斷此空填冠詞,由語(yǔ)境可知此處表泛故填a。(2010年湖南省高考適應(yīng)性測(cè)試)

【典例3】Sometimes it is necessary for a parent to write49after-school note for their children

【解析】 該空后形容詞after-school所修飾的note為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,由此判斷此空填冠詞。由語(yǔ)境可知此處表泛指,故填an。(2010年湖南省高考英語(yǔ)題)

【典例4】【解析】 該空后形容詞English所修飾的class為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,由此判斷此空填冠詞。由語(yǔ)境可知此處表泛指,故填an。(2011年湖南省高考英語(yǔ)題)

2. 介詞 如果該空位于“限定詞(冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、名詞所有格、數(shù)詞)+形容詞+ 名詞”之前,或該空位于動(dòng)詞和名詞或代詞之間,則可考慮用介詞。此外也要注意“系動(dòng)詞+形容詞+介詞+名詞或代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。

【典例1】 She first painted only to please herself, and then began to sell her works ____50____a little money.

【解析】 該空位于“a little money”之前,可初步判斷填介詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可判斷此處表示出售作品的目的是為了賺錢,故填for。

【典例2】Some people keep dogs to protect themselves from robbery. But the most important reason is companionship. (2010年湖南省高考適應(yīng)性測(cè)試)

【解析】 該空位于名詞“companionship”之前,可初步判斷填介詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可判斷此處表示養(yǎng)狗的目的是為了陪伴,故填for。

【典例3】For one thing, parents have time to think about what they want to say before they write.another, the note lists all the information in one place.

【解析】 該空前句For one thing,一方面可知,根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可判斷此處表示另一方面(for another),可判斷填介詞for。(2010年湖南省高考英語(yǔ)題)

【典例4】Going to college helps build a strong mind, which leads success in one’s life.

【解析】,根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可判斷此處該空l(shuí)ead to(導(dǎo)致)為固定詞組,可判斷填介詞to。(2011年湖南省高考英語(yǔ)題)

【典例5】All of these activities take resources and habitats away ______ plants and animals. (2010年湖南省高考英語(yǔ)考綱樣題)

【解析】,根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可判斷此處該空take away from 為固定詞組,可判斷填介詞from.

3.并列連詞 如果該空在句中并列連接兩個(gè)成分或句子,并列連接兩個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ),

則用并列連詞。?疾榈牟⒘羞B詞有:

(1)表轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比關(guān)系的并列連詞:but, while, whereas;表讓步轉(zhuǎn)折意義的副詞:nevertheless, however, though,anyway,anyhow,yet。

(2)表因果關(guān)系的并列連詞:so, thus,for(因?yàn)?;表示因果意義的副詞:therefore。

(3)表選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞:or(或者;否則), either?or;表選擇意義的副詞:otherwise。

(4)表并列關(guān)系的并列連詞:and, both?and, not only?but also, as well as, neither?nor。

(5)表“就在這時(shí)”的并列連詞:when。

【典例1】Itis still true that a dog is the most useful and faithful animal in the world, 50 the reason why people keep a dog has changed.

【解析】,根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可判斷此處并列連接兩個(gè)成分或句子,表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,可判斷填并列連詞but。(2010年湖南省高考適應(yīng)性測(cè)試)

【典例2】 They sometimes put the note on the kitchen table, the refrigerator,50another place where their children are sure to find it.

【解析】,根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可判斷此處連接兩個(gè)并列成分,表選擇關(guān)系,可判斷填并列連詞or(或者;) (2010年湖南省高考英語(yǔ)題)

【典例3】__One_ was rich in mclaohor(隱喻)and character development, while the other .

【解析】,根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可判斷此處并列連接兩個(gè)成分humorous和 too shallow,表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,可判斷填并列連詞but.(2011年湖南省高考英語(yǔ)題)

4.從句引導(dǎo)詞(即名詞性從句、定語(yǔ)從句或狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞)。

1):如果該空引導(dǎo)的從句置于句首且整個(gè)從句在句中作主語(yǔ),則考慮用主語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞;如果該空引導(dǎo)的從句置于系動(dòng)詞之后,則考慮用表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞;如果該空引導(dǎo)的從句置于動(dòng)詞或介詞之后,則考慮用賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞,其中考得較多的名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞是what, whatever, that, whether, where, why。

【典例1】For one thing, parents have time to think about52they want to say before they write.

【解析】,根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可判斷此處引導(dǎo)的從句置于動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)think about之后,則考慮用賓語(yǔ)從句

的引導(dǎo)詞what,而且在從句中作動(dòng)詞say的賓語(yǔ)。( 2010年湖南省高考)

【典例2】I don’t quite understand ________ they are so mad about the childish game. Maybe they are just not confident enough to face the real world.

【解析】 該空引導(dǎo)的從句置于動(dòng)詞understand之后且作的賓語(yǔ),故可判斷它引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)后一句的意思可推斷我很不明白他們?yōu)槭裁慈绱酥杂谠撚字傻挠螒颍侍顆hy。

【典例3】so much better than the other(2011年湖南省高考英語(yǔ)題)

【解析】 該空引導(dǎo)的從句置于動(dòng)詞taught me 之后且作的賓語(yǔ),故可判斷它引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句,根據(jù)后一句的意思可推斷填why。

2):如果該空引導(dǎo)的從句位于句首或位于句末,且前后句之間沒(méi)有并列連詞,此時(shí)可考慮用引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞,?嫉囊龑(dǎo)詞有:because, as, when, before, after, though, although, while, where, if, since, so/such?that等。

【典例1】 ________she had not lost her precious belongs, she could have lost something far more important—her life!

【解析】 該空引導(dǎo)從句置于句首,且兩句之間無(wú)并列連詞,可判斷該空引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意可判斷填if引導(dǎo)虛擬條件句

【典例2】Parents are busy people. If they are working, they are usually not at home48 their children return from school.

【解析】該空引導(dǎo)的從句位于句末,且前后句之間沒(méi)有并列連詞,此時(shí)可考慮用引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ) 從句的引導(dǎo)詞when/ after。( 2010年湖南省高考)

【典例3】Human activity often changes or destroys the habitats that plants and animals need to survive____50_____human populations are growing so fast.

【解析】該空引導(dǎo)的從句位于句末,且前后句之間沒(méi)有并列連詞,此時(shí)可考慮用引導(dǎo)原因 狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞because /as/since。

【典例4】?animals and plants are disappearing many times faster _51____they have in the past 65 million years.

【解析】該空引導(dǎo)的從句位于句末,且前后句之間沒(méi)有并列連詞,此時(shí)根據(jù)faster可 考慮引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞than

3)如果該空引導(dǎo)的從句置于名詞之后,則可考慮兩種情況,一是引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,常見(jiàn)的名詞有fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, possibility等,同位語(yǔ)從句補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明這些名詞的內(nèi)容;考查引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句較多的引導(dǎo)詞是that, whether,這兩個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞在從句中均不作成分。二是引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,此時(shí)定語(yǔ)從句修飾或限制它前面的名詞,?疾榈氖顷P(guān)系代詞that, which, who, whom, as和關(guān)系副詞when, where, why。

【典例1】 The news ________ we won the game is exciting.

【解析】 該空引導(dǎo)的從句置于名詞news之后且具體說(shuō)明news的內(nèi)容,可判斷該空引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。由句意可推斷填that。

【典例2】 As soon as a child begins school, he enters a world of examination________ will decide his future of job.

【解析】 該空引導(dǎo)的從句置于名詞examination之后并修飾examination,由此推斷它引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)其在從句中作主語(yǔ),且先行詞指物,故填which或that。

【典例3】Humans are responsible for causing changes in the environment ________ hurt animals and species.

【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知該空引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾changes,且在從句中作主語(yǔ),由此可推斷此處填which或that。(2010年湖南省高考英語(yǔ)考綱樣題)

5 it的虛指用法,主要指it作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)及用以構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的用法。

【典例1】48 is still true that a dog is the most useful and faithful animal in the world, but the reason why people keep a dog has changed。(2010年湖南省高考適應(yīng)性測(cè)試)

【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知該空考查it作形式主語(yǔ),that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句作真正主語(yǔ)。 ? 探究點(diǎn)二 實(shí)詞型填空

完形填空第二節(jié)在8個(gè)空之中考查實(shí)詞運(yùn)用常為3—4空,常見(jiàn)為形容詞、副詞和代詞。一般來(lái)說(shuō),考查實(shí)詞之處頗具情景性,即與語(yǔ)境有關(guān),要求根據(jù)上下文邏輯的發(fā)展關(guān)系進(jìn)行推斷。因此,正確解答實(shí)詞型,弄懂短文大意至關(guān)重要。正確解答實(shí)詞型填空,一要注意判斷詞性,即根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能,判斷是用形容詞還是副詞;如果修飾名詞,前面多用形容詞或偶用名詞或名詞所有格作定語(yǔ);修飾動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子通常用副詞;作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)通常用代詞;作系動(dòng)詞的表語(yǔ)通常用形容詞而不用副詞;作定語(yǔ)用形容詞或相當(dāng)于形容詞的短語(yǔ)或分句。二要注意判斷詞形形容詞要看是用原級(jí),還是比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)。代詞則要考慮用主格還是賓格等。

解答實(shí)詞型填空試題的常見(jiàn)技巧如下:

1.形容詞:如果修飾名詞,前面多用形容詞

【典例1】Itis still true that a dog is the_______ useful and faithful animal in the world.

(2010年湖南省高考適應(yīng)性測(cè)試)

【解析】 該空在句中作形容詞useful and faithful修飾名詞animal, 判斷詞形,形容詞要

用最高級(jí),所以此處填 most.

【典例2】 For young couples, a dog is their child when they have 55 children

(2010年湖南省高考適應(yīng)性測(cè)試)

【解析】該空在句中作形容詞修飾名詞children判斷詞形要用形容詞no.

【典例3】A note is often a 51way to "talk" with a child than using the telephone. (2010

年湖南省高考英語(yǔ)題)

【解析】 該空在句中修飾名詞way,由此判斷該空填的是形容詞。根據(jù)后面的than using

the telephone.可推斷該空填比較級(jí)better.

【典例4】was so much better than the other. (2011年湖南省高考英語(yǔ)題)

【解析】 該空在句中形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾months 按照記敘文時(shí)間發(fā)展先后順序,填形容詞next,此題略有難度。

【典例5】Animals and plants have always had a _52____time surviving ,animals became extinct in the past for a variety of reasons. (2010年湖南省高考英語(yǔ)考綱樣題)

【解析】該空在句中形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾time 根據(jù)后面的animals became extinct可推斷該空填hard/difficult/tough.

【典例6】In some cases, competition for resources among animals led to extinction and in _52______cases,environmental changes caused extinction.

【解析】該空在句中形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾cases 根據(jù)前面的In some cases,可推斷該空填other.

英語(yǔ)短文填空解題技巧篇二:中考英語(yǔ)短文填空解題技巧

中考英語(yǔ)短文填空解題技巧

中考英語(yǔ)短文填空解題技巧

I.首字母填空題解題技巧

字母填空題主要考察學(xué)生正確理解和書寫英語(yǔ)單詞。解答這種題需要平時(shí)扎實(shí)地打好基礎(chǔ),單詞拼寫要過(guò)關(guān),善于分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),熟練各種詞形首的變化,動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)形式的變化,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的運(yùn)用等,另外,掌握必要的閱讀技巧,也很重要。

一. 跳過(guò)空格,通讀短文,了解大意

根據(jù)首字母填空的題型,實(shí)際上相當(dāng)于完形填空,必須先快速通讀全文,盡量理解文章的主要內(nèi)容,再仔細(xì)揣摩需要填詞的句子,只有完全理解全句的意思,才能準(zhǔn)確填寫單詞。

二. 復(fù)讀短文,確定語(yǔ)義,判斷詞形。

1. 利用上下文的語(yǔ)境,結(jié)合所學(xué)過(guò)的知識(shí),先確定空格處所需詞語(yǔ)的意義.

2.再根據(jù)空格在句子中的位置,判斷其在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞,從而確定所填詞的詞性,再依據(jù)詞語(yǔ)搭配和語(yǔ)法規(guī)則,判斷所填的詞的正確形式。例如,單,復(fù)數(shù)、形容詞,副詞的級(jí)別、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式等,要特別注意時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)及主謂一致。

三..通讀短文,檢查答案。

II、動(dòng)詞填空題解題技巧

動(dòng)詞填空主要用來(lái)測(cè)試考生對(duì)動(dòng)詞和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式、語(yǔ)態(tài)及主謂一致等知識(shí)的掌握情況。因此,掌握好動(dòng)詞的各種形式及其用法是做此類題的關(guān)鍵。我們可以從以下幾方面著手:

一、確定正確的時(shí)態(tài)

1.根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)確定時(shí)態(tài)。

例如,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):already, yet, ever, never, just, before, for, since+時(shí)間點(diǎn);since+過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的句子, so far, by now, in/during the last/past few years etc

2.注意時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)。

在主從復(fù)合句中,主句謂語(yǔ)與從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是相互照應(yīng)的。

1)在賓語(yǔ)從句中,如果主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句根據(jù)需要選用任何時(shí)態(tài);如果主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí),從句要用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài);如果從句表達(dá)的是一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)不管主句是何種時(shí)態(tài),從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

2)在狀語(yǔ)從句中,如果主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí),或是祈使句,或是含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子,時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

3.根據(jù)上下文確定時(shí)態(tài)。

有時(shí)句子沒(méi)有明顯的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),也不能用時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)規(guī)則來(lái)對(duì)照,這時(shí)就可以根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容來(lái)判斷時(shí)間關(guān)系,確定時(shí)態(tài)。如:

如: “You’ve certainly touched my heart with your choices. And I’m sure the Five Friendlies_____(touch) the heart of the world.”句意是“你以你的選擇已經(jīng)震撼了我的心,我相信這五個(gè)福娃將會(huì)給世人帶來(lái)震撼!焙缶涫枪P者對(duì)美好事物的祝愿,所以應(yīng)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。

二、確定正確的語(yǔ)態(tài)

我們?cè)诳紤]時(shí)態(tài)的同時(shí),也要考慮語(yǔ)態(tài)。當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);反之用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如:

“They _______(choose) carefully by Beijing 2008 to represent?.

注意:不及物動(dòng)詞或相當(dāng)于不及物動(dòng)詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(如listen,sleep,take place, happen,get up,grow up,break out,come in等)沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如

Great changes have taken place in the last few years.

The war broke out many years ago.

但是,當(dāng)“不及物動(dòng)詞+介(副)詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞其作用相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),則有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

The children are looked after well.

三、確定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式

如果所給的動(dòng)詞在句子中不作謂語(yǔ),就應(yīng)該考慮用動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。

1. want,hope,wish,decide,would like,agree, learn, plan, choose, manage, offer to do

2.在enjoy,finish,mind,be busy,be worth,feel like,what/how about,can't help,practice,have fun/problems ,miss, give up, suggest, look forward to, succeed in, pay attention to, keep, be worth, allow -ing

3.tell, ask, order, encourage, advise, teach, want, wish, allow sb to do

4.remember, forget, stop, try, mean, love, like, need, go on, continue, be used to do/doing

5.感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞

feel sb do/doing

listen to, hear sb do/doing

make, let, have sb do (have sth done)

look at, watch, see, notice sb do/doing

在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中用to do

七、首字母填空:先通讀下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和所給首字母,在空格內(nèi)填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~(轉(zhuǎn)載于:www.91mayou.com 蒲 公 英 文 摘:英語(yǔ)短文填空解題技巧),使短文意思完整,所填單詞在題后橫線上必須完整寫出。(本大題共6分,每小題0.5分)

A survey has been published which shows that British people don’t like their neighbours very much. 80% of the people who took part in the survey feel that their neighbours h1

pay attention to others’ feelings. 25% don’t talk to the people who live next door and 10% don’t even know their n2. In fact, one million people in Britain would like to m 3because they don’t get along w4 with their neighbours.

According to the survey, the b5 problem is noise. Many of the c6 about noise came from people who live in flats and old houses. These places often have thin walls which can’t s7 the noise from next door.

The other main problems are disagreements about car parking space, and old people complaining about the y8. Some disagreements last a long time. In one case, people

w9 live in the same building haven’t talked to each other for fifteen years. Sometimes the disagreements end in violence ( 暴力 ). In one of the worst cases, a man killed a neighbour because he kept p10 in “his space”.

Another survey shows that 90% of the neighbours never s11 a meal. 80% have never had a drink together and 20% have never even spoken. However, when neighbours become each other’s friends, they are often r12 to offer help, as we can see in many parts of the world.

1. hardly 2. names3. move4. well 5. biggest 6. complaints

7. stop 8. young9. who10. parking 11. share12. ready

英語(yǔ)短文填空解題技巧篇三:英語(yǔ)中考短文填空解題技巧

中考短文填空解題技巧

I.首字母填空題解題技巧

字母填空題主要考察學(xué)生正確理解和書寫英語(yǔ)單詞。解答這種題需要平時(shí)扎實(shí)地打好基礎(chǔ),單詞拼寫要過(guò)關(guān),善于分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),熟練各種詞形首的變化,動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)形式的變化,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的運(yùn)用等,另外,掌握必要的閱讀技巧,也很重要。

一. 跳過(guò)空格,通讀短文,了解大意

根據(jù)首字母填空的題型,實(shí)際上相當(dāng)于完形填空,必須先快速通讀全文,盡量理解文章的主要內(nèi)容,再仔細(xì)揣摩需要填詞的句子,只有完全理解全句的意思,才能準(zhǔn)確填寫單詞。

二. 復(fù)讀短文,確定語(yǔ)義,判斷詞形。

1. 利用上下文的語(yǔ)境,結(jié)合所學(xué)過(guò)的知識(shí),先確定空格處所需詞語(yǔ)的意義.

2.再根據(jù)空格在句子中的位置,判斷其在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞,從而確定所填詞的詞性,再依據(jù)詞語(yǔ)搭配和語(yǔ)法規(guī)則,判斷所填的詞的正確形式。例如,單,復(fù)數(shù)、形容詞,副詞的級(jí)別、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式等,要特別注意時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)及主謂一致。

三..通讀短文,檢查答案。

II、動(dòng)詞填空題解題技巧

動(dòng)詞填空主要用來(lái)測(cè)試考生對(duì)動(dòng)詞和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式、語(yǔ)態(tài)及主謂一致等知識(shí)的掌握情況。因此,掌握好動(dòng)詞的各種形式及其用法是做此類題的關(guān)鍵。我們可以從以下幾方面著手:

一、確定正確的時(shí)態(tài)

1.根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)確定時(shí)態(tài)。

例如,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):already, yet, ever, never, just, before, for, since+時(shí)間點(diǎn);since+過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的句子, so far, by now, in/during the last/past few years etc

2.注意時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)。

在主從復(fù)合句中,主句謂語(yǔ)與從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是相互照應(yīng)的。

1)在賓語(yǔ)從句中,如果主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句根據(jù)需要選用任何時(shí)態(tài);如果主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí),從句要用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài);如果從句表達(dá)的是一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)不管主句是何種時(shí)態(tài),從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

2)在狀語(yǔ)從句中,如果主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí),或是祈使句,或是含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子,時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

3.根據(jù)上下文確定時(shí)態(tài)。

有時(shí)句子沒(méi)有明顯的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),也不能用時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)規(guī)則來(lái)對(duì)照,這時(shí)就可以根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容來(lái)判斷時(shí)間關(guān)系,確定時(shí)態(tài)。如:

如: “You’ve certainly touched my heart with your choices. And I’m sure the Five Friendlies_____(touch) the heart of the world.”句意是“你以你的選擇已經(jīng)震撼了我的心,我相信這五個(gè)福娃將會(huì)給世人帶來(lái)震撼!焙缶涫枪P者對(duì)美好事物的祝愿,所以應(yīng)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。

二、確定正確的語(yǔ)態(tài)

我們?cè)诳紤]時(shí)態(tài)的同時(shí),也要考慮語(yǔ)態(tài)。當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);反之用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如:

“They _______(choose) carefully by Beijing 2008 to represent?.

注意:不及物動(dòng)詞或相當(dāng)于不及物動(dòng)詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(如listen,sleep,take place, happen,get up,grow up,break out,come in等)沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如

Great changes have taken place in the last few years.

The war broke out many years ago.

但是,當(dāng)“不及物動(dòng)詞+介(副)詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞其作用相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),則有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

The children are looked after well.

三、確定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式

如果所給的動(dòng)詞在句子中不作謂語(yǔ),就應(yīng)該考慮用動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。

1. want,hope,wish,decide,would like,agree, learn, plan, choose, manage, offer to do

2.在enjoy,finish,mind,be busy,be worth,feel like,what/how about,can't help,practice,have fun/problems ,miss, give up, suggest, look forward to, succeed in, pay attention to, keep, be worth, allow -ing

3.tell, ask, order, encourage, advise, teach, want, wish, allow sb to do

4.remember, forget, stop, try, mean, love, like, need, go on, continue, be used to do/doing

5.感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞

feel sb do/doing

listen to, hear sb do/doing

make, let, have sb do (have sth done)

look at, watch, see, notice sb do/doing

在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中用to do

七、首字母填空:先通讀下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和所給首字母,在空格內(nèi)填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~,使短文意思完整,所填單詞在題后橫線上必須完整寫出。(本大題共6分,每小題0.5分)

A survey has been published which shows that British people don’t like their neighbours very much. 80% of the people who took part in the survey feel that their neighbours h pay attention to others’ feelings. 25% don’t talk to the people who live next door and 10% don’t even know their n would like to m because they don’t get along w with their neighbours.

According to the survey, the b problem is noise. Many of the c about noise came from people who live in flats and old houses. These places often have thin walls which can’t s the noise from next door.

The other main problems are disagreements about car parking space, and old people complaining about the y Some disagreements last a long time. In one case, people

w live in the same building haven’t talked to each other for fifteen years. Sometimes the disagreements end in violence ( 暴力 ). In one of the worst cases, a man killed a neighbour because he kept p in “his space”.

Another survey shows that 90% of the neighbours never sa meal. 80% have never had a drink together and 20% have never even spoken. However, when neighbours become each other’s friends, they are often rto offer

help, as we can see in many parts of the world.

1. hardly 2. names3. move4. well 5. biggest

6. complaints

7. stop 8. young9. who10. parking 11. share

12. ready

相關(guān)熱詞搜索:填空 英語(yǔ) 短文 解題 技巧 英語(yǔ)完形填空解題技巧 中考短文填空解題技巧

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